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Sobre los costes, los precios y el mercado de la electricidad

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  • Diego Rodríguez Rodríguez

Abstract

El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer un análisis detallado de la estructura y previsible evolución de los costes y precios de la electricidad, así como una discusión de los aspectos más relevantes a estos efectos del funcionamiento de los mercados asociados. También se discuten y analizan algunas propuestas avanzadas por el Gobierno y otros actores para responder a la intensa preocupación social por el aumento de los precios mayoristas y su repercusión sobre la factura de los consumidores. En relación con los costes regulados, el trabajo analiza entre otras cuestiones la evolución previsible de los costes de las redes, el régimen de retribución específica renovable y la evolución de la deuda eléctrica, que en su conjunto deberían presentar una evolución favorable a medio plazo. Se abordan también algunas cuestiones relativas al diseño marginalista del mercado eléctrico, la posibilidad de extraer parte de los windfall profits ligados al aumento del precio de los derechos de emisión de CO2 y la gestión del uso hidroeléctrico del agua, entre otras. Entre las propuestas que se formulan se incluyen la de una actualización más rápida de la retribución específica de las renovables para adaptarla a la evolución de los precios reales, así como una reducción drástica del impuesto especial sobre la electricidad. En un plazo un poco más dilatado debería abordarse la traslación completa de los sobrecostes extrapeninsulares a los Presupuestos Generales del Estado y, por supuesto, abordar de forma definitiva la reforma de la fiscalidad de los consumos energéticos con el fin de evitar las distorsiones causadas por la acumulación de instrumentos fiscales y parafiscales

Suggested Citation

  • Diego Rodríguez Rodríguez, 2021. "Sobre los costes, los precios y el mercado de la electricidad," Studies on the Spanish Economy eee2021-28, FEDEA.
    • Handle: RePEc:fda:fdaeee:eee2021-28
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    1. López Prol, Javier & Steininger, Karl W. & Zilberman, David, 2020. "The cannibalization effect of wind and solar in the California wholesale electricity market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
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