IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/eti/dpaper/11053.html

Report on a Fact-Finding Survey of the Credit-Decision System and Loan Pricing in Small Business Financing in Japan

Author

Listed:
  • Tadanobu NEMOTO
  • Yoshiaki OGURA
  • Wako WATANABE

Abstract

In this paper, we report the findings from an interview survey on the system and process of lending decisions and loan pricing, as well as the information that is used in such processes. The survey targeted 19 regional financial institutions, including regional banks and cooperative institutions in Japan. We found that soft information is used in lending decisions but is rarely used directly in loan pricing, and found that each branch exercises greater discretion in loan pricing. Soft information affects loan pricing indirectly through each bank's internal credit rating process. Loan officers at a bank usually revise the financial statements submitted by client firms using soft information in order to more accurately reflect the actual conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Tadanobu NEMOTO & Yoshiaki OGURA & Wako WATANABE, 2011. "Report on a Fact-Finding Survey of the Credit-Decision System and Loan Pricing in Small Business Financing in Japan," Discussion papers 11053, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    • Handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:11053
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/11e053.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. von Thadden, Ernst-Ludwig, 2004. "Asymmetric information, bank lending and implicit contracts: the winner's curse," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 11-23, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nemoto, Tadanobu & Ogura, Yoshiaki & Watanabe, Wako, 2016. "Inside bank premiums as liquidity insurance," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 61-76.
    2. Masazumi Hattori & Kohei Shintani & Hirofumi Uchida, 2012. "Authority and Soft Information Production within a Bank Organization," IMES Discussion Paper Series 12-E-07, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kirschenmann, K., 2010. "The Dynamics in Requested and Granted Loan Terms when Bank and Borrower Interact Repeatedly," Other publications TiSEM 40d5005c-1626-4511-aa8a-f, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    2. Wenlian Gao & Feifei Zhu & Kai Chen, 2023. "The role of bank lenders in firm leverage adjustments," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 46(1), pages 63-97, February.
    3. Kobayashi, Teruyoshi & Takaguchi, Taro, 2018. "Identifying relationship lending in the interbank market: A network approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 20-36.
    4. Martin Brown & Steven Ongena & Pinar Yeşin, 2014. "Information Asymmetry and Foreign Currency Borrowing by Small Firms," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 56(1), pages 110-131, March.
    5. Matteo Migheli, 2017. "The winner’s curse in auctions with losses," Mind & Society: Cognitive Studies in Economics and Social Sciences, Springer;Fondazione Rosselli, vol. 16(1), pages 113-126, November.
    6. Mjøs, Aksel & Myklebust, Tor Åge & Persson, Svein-Arne, 2011. "On the Pricing of Performance Sensitive Debt," Discussion Papers 2011/5, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science, revised 07 May 2012.
    7. Carletti, Elena & Cerasi, Vittoria & Daltung, Sonja, 2007. "Multiple-bank lending: Diversification and free-riding in monitoring," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 425-451, July.
    8. Marcin Grzelak, 2019. "The Hold-up Problem and Banking Relationships: Evidence from the Polish SME Sector," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2019(6), pages 670-687.
    9. Ongena, Steven & Paraschiv, Florentina & Reite, Endre J., 2023. "Counteroffers and Price Discrimination in Mortgage Lending," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    10. Tian, Qian & Zhu, Yan & Zhang, Zili, 2024. "The impact of local incentive-based legislation on the financing constraints of private firms–Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    11. Biao Mi & Liang Han, 2020. "Banking market concentration and syndicated loan prices," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 1-28, January.
    12. Tassel, Eric Van, 2006. "Relationship lending under asymmetric information: A case of blocked entry," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 915-929, September.
    13. Emilia Bonaccorsi di Patti & Giorgio Gobbi, 2001. "The Effects of Bank Consolidation and Market Entry on Small Business Lending," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 404, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    14. Robert Hauswald & Robert Marquez, 2000. "Relationship Banking and Competition under Differentiated Asymmetric Information," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 00-13, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
    15. Vesala, Timo, 2007. "Switching costs and relationship profits in bank lending," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 477-493, February.
    16. Thorsten Beck & Hans Degryse & Ralph De Haas & Neeltje van Horen, 2014. "When arm’s length is too far: relationship banking over the business cycle," Working Papers 169, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Office of the Chief Economist.
    17. Etumudon Ndidi Asien, 2016. "Determinants of Number of Bankers by Listed Nigerian Firms," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 6(2), pages 1-13, April.
    18. Malik, Sikandar Hayyat & Saba, Irum, 2025. "Navigating the intersection of competition and performance in the banking sector: A hybrid review," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    19. Uchida, Hirofumi & Udell, Gregory F. & Yamori, Nobuyoshi, 2012. "Loan officers and relationship lending to SMEs," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 97-122.
    20. Ongena, Steven & Peydró, José-Luis & Horen, Neeltje van, 2015. "Shocks Abroad, Pain at Home? Bank-Firm Level Evidence on the International Transmission of Financial Shocks," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 63(4), pages 698-750.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:11053. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: TANIMOTO, Toko (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/rietijp.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.