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The Main Features of Sudan Income and Wage Structure in 2022

Author

Listed:
  • May Gadalla

    (Cairo University and ERF)

  • Nesma Amer

    (Economic Research Forum)

  • Sara Ragab

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Dalia Hany

    (Economic Research Forum)

Abstract

Years of internal conflict, political instability, and inflation had already battered Sudan's economy before the recent civil war erupted in April 2023. Against this backdrop, this paper investigates income, including wage levels and inequality, in the country in 2022. We examine how households diversify their income sources as a way to build resilience, and we also explore the extent of this diversification and the contribution of each income source to overall household income. The analysis covers income and wage distributions, income diversification, and inequality in Sudan by exploring characteristics such as the household head sex, sector of employment, education level, and location. Additionally, the paper identifies the main sources of income for households in different regions and by households characteristics, and assesses how these sources contribute to income inequality. Finally, we analyze wages in both the public and private sectors, and examine the gender wage gap between and within these sectors.

Suggested Citation

  • May Gadalla & Nesma Amer & Sara Ragab & Dalia Hany, 2026. "The Main Features of Sudan Income and Wage Structure in 2022," Working Papers 1824, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    • Handle: RePEc:erg:wpaper:1824
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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