IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/een/camaaa/2019-03.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Tourist arrivals, energy consumption and pollutant emissions in a developing economy–Implications for sustainable tourism

Author

Listed:
  • M. Indra al Irsyad
  • Rabindra Nepal
  • Sanjay Kumar Nepal

Abstract

Sustainable tourism management policies should aim at maximising economic benefits from tourist arrivals while minimizing associated adverse impacts on the environment. This study assesses the short-run and long-run relationships between tourist arrivals, per capita economic output, emissions, energy consumption and capital formation, citing Nepal as a specific case study. We developed four hypotheses and tested them using time-series econometrics based on the autoregressive distributed lag model and Granger causality tests. The results provide strong evidence of an economy driven tourism sector where expansion in economic output leads to expansion in tourist arrivals. More tourist arrivals, in turn, generate positive impacts on gross capital formation. Energy consumption negatively affects tourist arrivals, calling for increased attention towards improving energy efficiency and energy diversity. We conclude that national policies to increase tourist arrivals should be integrated with national energy and environmental policies in order to facilitate the transition towards a sustainable tourism sector.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Indra al Irsyad & Rabindra Nepal & Sanjay Kumar Nepal, 2019. "Tourist arrivals, energy consumption and pollutant emissions in a developing economy–Implications for sustainable tourism," CAMA Working Papers 2019-03, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
  • Handle: RePEc:een:camaaa:2019-03
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://cama.crawford.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/publication/cama_crawford_anu_edu_au/2019-01/3_2019_nepal_irsyad_sk_nepal.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert M. Solow, 1956. "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 70(1), pages 65-94.
    2. Metz, John J., 1991. "A reassessment of the causes and severity of Nepal's environmental crisis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 19(7), pages 805-820, July.
    3. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    4. Thorsten Thadewald & Herbert Buning, 2007. "Jarque-Bera Test and its Competitors for Testing Normality - A Power Comparison," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(1), pages 87-105.
    5. Shoorabeer Paudyal, Ph.D., 2012. "Does Tourism Really Matter for Economic Growth? Evidence from Nepal," NRB Economic Review, Nepal Rastra Bank, Economic Research Department, vol. 24(1), pages 48-66, April.
    6. Bhagawat Rimal & Himlal Baral & Nigel E. Stork & Kiran Paudyal & Sushila Rijal, 2015. "Growing City and Rapid Land Use Transition: Assessing Multiple Hazards and Risks in the Pokhara Valley, Nepal," Land, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-22, October.
    7. Tang, Chor Foon & Aviral Kumar, Tiwari & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2016. "Dynamic Inter-relationships among tourism, economic growth and energy consumption in India," MPRA Paper 69848, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 04 Mar 2016.
    8. Bishnu Prasad Gautam Ph.D., 2011. "Tourism and Economic Growth in Nepal," NRB Economic Review, Nepal Rastra Bank, Research Department, vol. 23(2), pages 18-30, October.
    9. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Dragouni, Mina & Eeckels, Bruno & Filis, George, 2016. "Tourism and economic growth: Does democracy matter?," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 258-264.
    10. Shoorabeer Paudyal Ph.D., 2012. "Does Tourism Really Matter for Economic Growth? Evidence from Nepal," NRB Economic Review, Nepal Rastra Bank, Research Department, vol. 24(1), pages 48-66, April.
    11. Dickey, David A & Fuller, Wayne A, 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1057-1072, June.
    12. Samina Khalil & Mehmood Khan Kakar & Waliullah, 2007. "Role of Tourism in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Economy," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 46(4), pages 985-995.
    13. Bishnu Prasad Gautam, Ph.D., 2011. "Tourism and Economic Growth in Nepal," NRB Economic Review, Nepal Rastra Bank, Economic Research Department, vol. 23(2), pages 18-30, October.
    14. Li, Ke & Lin, Boqiang, 2015. "Impacts of urbanization and industrialization on energy consumption/CO2 emissions: Does the level of development matter?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1107-1122.
    15. P. Srinivasan & Santhosh Kumar P. K & L. Ganesh, 2012. "Tourism and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, vol. 15(45), pages 211-226, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nino Fonseca & Marcelino Sánchez-Rivero, 2020. "Significance bias in the tourism-led growth literature," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(1), pages 137-154, February.
    2. Azam Muhammad & Mahdiat Mahdiat & Hafeez Muhammad Haroon & Bakhtyar Baher, 2022. "Investigating the Role of Tourism in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan," Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, Sciendo, vol. 29(1), pages 39-47, March.
    3. Gautam, Bishnu Prasad, 2014. "Economic Dynamics of Tourism in Nepal: A VECM Approach," MPRA Paper 58102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Pavlos Stamatiou, 2022. "Modeling Electricity Consumption for Growth in an Open Economy," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(2), pages 154-163, March.
    5. Sushil Kumar Haldar, 2009. "Economic Growth in India Revisited," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 10(1), pages 105-126, January.
    6. Abdul Rehman & Hengyun Ma & Muhammad Irfan & Munir Ahmad & Ousmane Traore, 2020. "Investigating the Influence of International Tourism in Pakistan and Its Linkage to Economic Growth: Evidence From ARDL Approach," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, June.
    7. Ali, Amjad & Ur Rehman, Hafeez, 2015. "Macroeconomic Instability and Its Impact on Gross Domestic Product: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan," MPRA Paper 71037, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Sadia Bano & Mehtab Alam & Anwar Khan & Lu Liu, 2021. "The nexus of tourism, renewable energy, income, and environmental quality: an empirical analysis of Pakistan," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(10), pages 14854-14877, October.
    9. Kafayat Amusa, 2013. "Savings and Economic Growth in Botswana: An Analysis Using Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 5(4), pages 200-209.
    10. Audi, Marc & Ali, Amjad, 2017. "Socio-Economic Development, Demographic Changes And Total Labor Productivity In Pakistan: A Co-Integrational and Decomposition Analysis," MPRA Paper 82435, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Jun 2017.
    11. Koçak, Emrah & Önderol, Seyit & Khan, Kamran, 2021. "Structural change, modernization, total factor productivity, and natural resources sustainability: An assessment with quantile and non-quantile estimators," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    12. Akçay Selçuk & Karasoy Alper, 2020. "Determinants of private investments in Turkey: Examining the role of democracy," Review of Economic Perspectives, Sciendo, vol. 20(1), pages 23-49, March.
    13. Avishek Khanal & Mohammad Mafizur Rahman & Rasheda Khanam & Eswaran Velayutham, 2021. "Are Tourism and Energy Consumption Linked? Evidence from Australia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-20, September.
    14. Yadawananda Neog, 2019. "Does Fiscal Spending Promote Economic Growth in India? An Application of Toda-Yamamoto Causal Approach," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 2, pages 23-40.
    15. Muhammad Tariq Majeed & Maria Mazhar, 2021. "Managing economic growth through tourism: Does volatility of tourism matter?," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 48(1), pages 49-69, March.
    16. Rasool, Samma Faiz & Zaman, Shah & Jehan, Noor & Chin, Tachia & Khan, Saleem & Zaman, Qamar uz, 2022. "Investigating the role of the tech industry, renewable energy, and urbanization in sustainable environment: Policy directions in the context of developing economies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    17. Singh, Tarlok, 2010. "Does domestic saving cause economic growth? A time-series evidence from India," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 231-253, March.
    18. Faiza Manzoor & Longbao Wei & Muhammad Asif & Muhammad Zia ul Haq & Hafiz ur Rehman, 2019. "The Contribution of Sustainable Tourism to Economic Growth and Employment in Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-14, October.
    19. Md Shahiduzzaman & Allan Layton & Khorshed Alam, 2015. "On the contribution of information and communication technology to productivity growth in Australia," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 48(3), pages 281-304, November.
    20. Nawaz, Kishwar & Lahiani, Amine & Roubaud, David, 2019. "Natural resources as blessings and finance-growth nexus: A bootstrap ARDL approach in an emerging economy," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 277-287.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    sustainable tourism; Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL); Granger causality; energy consumption; climate change;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Z32 - Other Special Topics - - Tourism Economics - - - Tourism and Development
    • Z38 - Other Special Topics - - Tourism Economics - - - Policy
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:een:camaaa:2019-03. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Cama Admin (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/asanuau.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.