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The Macroeconomic Effects of Bank Capital Requirement Tightenings: Evidence from a Narrative Approach

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  • Sandra Eickmeier
  • Benedikt Kolb
  • Esteban Prieto

Abstract

Bank capital regulations are intended to enhance financial stability in the long run, but may, in the meanwhile, involve costs for the real economy. To examine these costs we propose a narrative index of aggregate tightenings in regulatory US bank capital requirements from 1979 to 2008. Anticipation effects are explicitly taken into account and found to matter. In response to a tightening in capital requirements, banks temporarily reduce business and real estate lending, which temporarily lowers investment, consumption, housing activity and production. A decline in financial and macroeconomic risk helps sustain spending in the medium run. Monetary policy also cushions negative effects of capital requirement tightenings on the economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandra Eickmeier & Benedikt Kolb & Esteban Prieto, 2018. "The Macroeconomic Effects of Bank Capital Requirement Tightenings: Evidence from a Narrative Approach," CAMA Working Papers 2018-42, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    • Handle: RePEc:een:camaaa:2018-42
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    Cited by:

    1. Mokas, Dimitris & Giuliodori, Massimo, 2023. "Effects of LTV announcements in EU economies," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    2. Xolani Sibande & Dumakude Nxumalo & Keaoleboga Mncube & Steve Koch & Nicola Viegi, 2025. "Regulation and Bank Lending in South Africa: A Narrative Index Approach," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 93(1), pages 73-85, March.
    3. Kim, Soyoung & Mehrotra, Aaron, 2022. "Examining macroprudential policy and its macroeconomic effects – Some new evidence," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    4. Mandas, Marco & Goodell, John W., 2025. "The impact of capital-based macroprudential policy on banks’ balance sheet composition," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    5. policy, Work stream on macroprudential & Policy, Monetary & Stability, Financial & Albertazzi, Ugo & Martin, Alberto & Assouan, Emmanuelle & Tristani, Oreste & Galati, Gabriele & Vlassopoulos, Thomas , 2023. "The role of financial stability considerations in monetary policy and the interaction with macroprudential policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 272, European Central Bank.
    6. Ambrocio, Gene & Hasan, Iftekhar & Jokivuolle, Esa & Ristolainen, Kim, 2020. "Are bank capital requirements optimally set? Evidence from researchers’ views," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    7. Hristov, Nikolay & Hülsewig, Oliver & Kolb, Benedikt, 2024. "Macroprudential capital regulation and fiscal balances in the euro area," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    8. Coulier, Lara & De Schryder, Selien, 2024. "Assessing the effects of borrower-based macroprudential policy on credit in the EU using intensity-based indices," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    9. Kärkkäinen, Samu & Nyholm, Juho, 2021. "Economic effects of a debt-to-income constraint in Finland: Evidence from Aino 3.0 model," BoF Economics Review 1/2021, Bank of Finland.
    10. Retselisitsoe I. Thamae & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2022. "The impact of bank regulation on bank lending: a review of international literature," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(4), pages 405-418, December.
    11. Katarzyna Budnik & Gerhard Rünstler, 2023. "Identifying structural VARs from sparse narrative instruments: Dynamic effects of US macroprudential policies," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(2), pages 186-201, March.
    12. Dimitris Mokas & Massimo Giuliodori, 2021. "Effects of LTV announcements in EU economies," Working Papers 704, DNB.
    13. Katharina Bergant & Francesco Grigoli & Niels‐Jakob Hansen & Damiano Sandri, 2024. "Dampening Global Financial Shocks: Can Macroprudential Regulation Help (More than Capital Controls)?," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 56(6), pages 1405-1438, September.
    14. Björn Imbierowicz & Axel Löffler & Ursula Vogel, 2021. "The transmission of bank capital requirements and monetary policy to bank lending in Germany," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(1), pages 144-164, February.
    15. policy, Work stream on macroprudential & Albertazzi, Ugo & Martin, Alberto & Assouan, Emmanuelle & Tristani, Oreste & Galati, Gabriele & Vlassopoulos, Thomas, 2021. "The role of financial stability considerations in monetary policy and the interaction with macroprudential policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 272, European Central Bank.
    16. Ambrocio, Gene & Hasan, Iftekhar & Jokivuolle, Esa & Ristolainen, Kim, 2020. "Are bank capital requirements optimally set? Evidence from researchers’ views," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    17. Pelzer, Manuel & Barasinska, Nataliya & Buchholz, Manuel & Friedrich, Sören & Geiger, Sebastian & Hristov, Nikolay & Jamaldeen, Philip & Löffler, Axel & Madjarac, Marcel & Roth, Markus & Silbermann, L, 2021. "Potential deleveraging in the German banking system and effects on financial stability," Technical Papers 12/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    18. Marek, Philipp & Stein, Ingrid, 2022. "Basel III and SME bank finance in Germany," Discussion Papers 37/2022, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    19. Buch, Claudia M. & Eickmeier, Sandra & Prieto, Esteban, 2022. "Banking deregulation, macroeconomic dynamics and monetary policy," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    20. Pelzer, Manuel & Barasinska, Nataliya & Buchholz, Manuel & Friedrich, Sören & Geiger, Sebastian & Hristov, Nikolay & Jamaldeen, Philip & Löffler, Axel & Madjarac, Marcel & Roth, Markus & Silbermann, L, 2021. "Deleveraging-Potenzial im deutschen Bankensystem und Auswirkungen auf die Finanzstabilität [Potential deleveraging in the German banking system and effects on financial stability]," Technical Papers 12/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    21. Imbierowicz, Björn & Löffler, Axel & Vogel, Ursula, 2019. "The transmission of bank capital requirements and monetary policy to bank lending," Discussion Papers 49/2019, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    22. Sandra Eickmeier & Benedikt Kolb & Esteban Prieto, 2018. "Effects of Bank Capital Requirement Tightenings on Inequality," CAMA Working Papers 2018-43, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

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