IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cir/cirwor/2012s-21.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The topsy-turvy sharing of the gaming tax field in Canada, 1970-2010: provincial payments, federal withdrawal

Author

Listed:
  • Étienne Desjardins
  • Mélina Longpré
  • François Vaillancourt

Abstract

This paper presents an unusual inter-governmental financial arrangement: a payment by constituent units of a federation to the federal government to keep it out of a fiscal field and thus gain sole occupancy for themselves. This paper thus presents the history of the federal/provincial relationship in the gaming field in Canada focusing on the key period of 1976-1980 when both levels of governments operated lotteries. It chronicles the attempts of both levels of governments to reach an agreement on their sharing of this revenue field. Revenue sharing was rejected, market slicing was agreed to but since 1980, the provinces have purchased a sole occupancy right through an annual payment to the federal government. It shows, using multivariate analysis, that the presence of Loto-Canada reduced provincial gaming revenues in 1978 and 1979 and thus that the provinces were right to seek sole occupancy of the lottery field. It also shows, using numerical simulations of alternative formulas, that the agreement negotiated is very advantageous for the provinces as it did not take into account either the future growth of the lottery market or the diversification of the gaming market in Canada from 1980 to 2010, let alone both. Ce texte présente une entente financière inter-gouvernementale inusuelle soit un paiement par les entités constituantes d'une fédération au gouvernement central pour obtenir l'occupation exclusive par elle-même d'un champ fiscal. Nous présentons donc l'historique des relations fédérales-provinciales au Canada dans le domaine du jeu de hasard, mettant l'emphase sur la période 1976-1980 lorsque les deux niveaux de gouvernements opéraient des loteries. Nous retraçons les diverses tentatives de parvenir à une entente sur le partage de cette source de revenus. Le partage des revenus fut rejeté, le partage des marchés fut convenu, mais depuis 1980, les provinces versent un paiement annuel au gouvernement fédéral pour un droit d'occupation exclusive du domaine du jeu de hasard. Des résultats d'une analyse multivariée indiquent qu'en 1978 et 1979, la présence de Loto-Canada réduisait les revenus du jeu des provinces; elles avaient donc raison d'en chercher l'occupation exclusive. Ce texte indique, à l'aide de simulations numériques, que l'entente en vigueur est très avantageuse pour les provinces, car elle ne tient pas compte de la croissance du marché des loteries et de la diversification du marché du jeu de hasard.

Suggested Citation

  • Étienne Desjardins & Mélina Longpré & François Vaillancourt, 2012. "The topsy-turvy sharing of the gaming tax field in Canada, 1970-2010: provincial payments, federal withdrawal," CIRANO Working Papers 2012s-21, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2012s-21
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2012s-21.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Richard M. Bird & François Vaillancourt, 2007. "Reconciling Diversity with Equality: The Role of Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangements in Maintaining an Effective State in Canada," Chapters, in: Richard M. Bird & Robert D. Ebel (ed.), Fiscal Fragmentation in Decentralized Countries, chapter 3, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Richard M Bird & François Vaillancourt, 2001. "Fiscal Arrangements for Maintaining an Effective State in Canada," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 19(2), pages 163-187, April.
    3. Richard M. Bird & Robert D. Ebel (ed.), 2007. "Fiscal Fragmentation in Decentralized Countries," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 3864.
    4. Mikesell, John L., 1994. "State Lottery Sales and Economic Activity," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 47(1), pages 165-171, March.
    5. Tosun, Mehmet Serkan & Skidmore, Mark, 2004. "Interstate Competition and State Lottery Revenues," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 57(2), pages 163-178, June.
    6. Mikesell, John L., 1994. "State Lottery Sales and Economic Activity," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association, vol. 47(1), pages 165-71, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Blog mentions

    As found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:
    1. When governments compete for lottery revenue
      by Economic Logician in Economic Logic on 2012-09-21 19:02:00

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Brown, Ryan P. & Rork, Jonathan C., 2005. "Copycat gaming: A spatial analysis of state lottery structure," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 795-807, November.
    2. Garrett, Thomas A. & Coughlin, Cletus C., 2009. "Inter–Temporal Differences in the Income Elasticity of Demand for Lottery Tickets," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 62(1), pages 77-99, March.
    3. Thomas A. Garrett & Natalia A. Kolesnikova, 2010. "Local price variation and the tax incidence of state lotteries," Working Papers 2010-035, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
    4. Thomas A. Garrett, 2011. "A closer look at the tax incidence of instant lottery games: an analysis by price point," Working Papers 2011-010, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
    5. Kent Grote & Victor Matheson, 2011. "The Economics of Lotteries: An Annotated Bibliography," Working Papers 1110, College of the Holy Cross, Department of Economics.
    6. Paul M. Mason & Jeffrey W. Steagall & Stephen L. Shapiro & Michael M. Fabritius, 2005. "Evaluating the Life Cycles of Education-Supporting Lotteries," Public Finance Review, , vol. 33(2), pages 255-271, March.
    7. repec:ebl:ecbull:v:8:y:2003:i:10:p:1-8 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Annunziata de Felice & Isabella Martucci, 2017. "Gambling as a Restraint to the Italian Economy," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 7(1), pages 1-5.
    9. Thomas Garrett, 2001. "An International Comparison and Analysis of Lotteries and the Distribution of Lottery Expenditures," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(2), pages 213-227.
    10. John A. Doukas & Wenjia Zhang, 2013. "Managerial gambling attitudes: evidence from bank acquisitions," Review of Behavioral Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 5(1), pages 4-34, September.
    11. Cho-Min Lin & Kung-Cheng Lin, 2007. "The demand for lottery expenditure in Taiwan: a quantile regression approach," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 4(42), pages 1-11.
    12. A. Bussu & C. Detotto, 2014. "Understanding the relationship between gambling and other addictive behaviors," Working Paper CRENoS 201403, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
    13. Chen, Shu-Heng & Chie, Bin-Tzong, 2008. "Lottery markets design, micro-structure, and macro-behavior: An ACE approach," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 67(2), pages 463-480, August.
    14. David Paton & Donald S. Siegel & Leighton Vaughan Williams, 2002. "A Policy Response To The E--Commerce Revolution: The Case Of Betting Taxation In The UK," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 112(480), pages 296-314, June.
    15. Stephen Fink & Alan Marco & Jonathan Rork, 2004. "Lotto nothing? The budgetary impact of state lotteries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(21), pages 2357-2367.
    16. Julie Smith, 1999. "Australian Gambling Taxation," CEPR Discussion Papers 402, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Economics, Australian National University.
    17. repec:ebl:ecbull:v:4:y:2007:i:42:p:1-11 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Millet, Kobe & Lamey, Lien & Van den Bergh, Bram, 2012. "Avoiding negative vs. achieving positive outcomes in hard and prosperous economic times," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 117(2), pages 275-284.
    19. Aurora MURGEA, 2015. "International Confidence in Italian Economy. A Spread and Gambling Analysis," Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business, West University of Timisoara, Romania, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, vol. 8(1s), pages 70-89, February.
    20. Po-Chin Wu & Shiao-Yen Liu & Kou-Bau Wang, 2017. "Does Unemployment Matter for Lottery Sales and their Persistence? A New Estimation Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 130(2), pages 581-592, January.
    21. Tosun Mehmet S & Skidmore Mark L, 2007. "Cross-Border Shopping and the Sales Tax: An Examination of Food Purchases in West Virginia," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 7(1), pages 1-20, December.
    22. Younghyun Kwon & Jaewon Lim & Euijune Kim, 2020. "Diversifying visitor demand and its impact on Las Vegas's tourism industry during recovery from the Great Recession," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(2), pages 249-266, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Lottery; Gaming revenues; fiscal federalism; Canada; Loterie jeu de hasard; fédéralisme financier; Canada;
    All these keywords.

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2012s-21. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Webmaster (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ciranca.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.