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Desequilibrios regionales en la política de descentralización en Colombia

Author

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  • Jaime Bonet Morón

Abstract

El propósito principal de este documento es presentar una serie de recomendaciones de política que permitan consolidar a la descentralización como una estrategia de desarrollo regional. La evidencia muestra que la descentralización ha perpetuado las disparidades que en materia de cobertura en educación y salud existen en Colombia. Se encuentra, además, una gran desigualdad en los ingresos fiscales per cápita de los entes territoriales, lo cual implica que éstos asumen la responsabilidad de prestación de servicios en condiciones muy diferentes. Gran parte de esta inequidad en el ingreso se origina en la diferencia observada en los ingresos tributarios, la cual, contrario a lo que se esperaría en un programa de equidad fiscal horizontal, no es corregida por el sistema de transferencias vigente. El escaso vínculo existente entre los recaudos y las decisiones de gasto impiden que se realicen los aumentos en eficiencia que se esperan de una estrategia de descentralización. Las recomendaciones de política están focalizadas en tres aspectos: involucrar una mayor equidad en el sistema de transferencias del gobierno nacional a los subnacionales, fortalecer el aparato tributario subnacional y establecer unos incentivos claros para mejorar la eficiencia del gasto.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaime Bonet Morón, 2006. "Desequilibrios regionales en la política de descentralización en Colombia," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 77, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:region:77
    DOI: 10.32468/dtseru.77
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    Cited by:

    1. Luis Fernando Ramírez Hernández & Manuel Beltr�n Garz�n, 2009. "Justificación económica de la descentralización: un análisis desde las finanzas regionales," Revista Equidad y Desarrollo, Universidad de la Salle.
    2. Jaime Bonet-Morón & Jhorland Ayala-García, 2016. "La brecha fiscal territorial en Colombia," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 235, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Ignacio Lozano-Espitia & Juan Manuel Julio-Rom�n, 2016. "Descentralizaci�n Fiscal y Crecimiento Econ�mico: Evidencia Regional en Panel de Datos para Colombia," Borradores de Economia 14251, Banco de la Republica.
    4. World Bank, 2009. "Colombia - Decentralization : Options and Incentives for Efficiency - Sector Annexes," World Bank Publications - Reports 3097, The World Bank Group.
    5. Edilberto Rodríguez Araújo, 2014. "Los cuadrantes del desempeno regional en Colombia (2000-2012)," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia.
    6. Laura Ardila Rueda, 2004. "Gasto público y convergencia regional en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 22(45), pages 222-268.
    7. Luis Ignacio Lozano-Espitia & Juan Manuel Julio-Román, 2015. "Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth: Evidence from Regional-Level Panel Data for Colombia," Borradores de Economia 865i, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    8. World Bank, 2009. "Colombia - Decentralization : Options and Incentives for Efficiency - Main Report," World Bank Publications - Reports 3096, The World Bank Group.
    9. Richard M. Bird, 2012. "Fiscal Decentralization in Colombia: A Work (Still) in Progress," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper1223, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    10. Jaime Bonet & Adolfo Meisel, 2009. "Regional economic disparities in Colombia," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 14, pages 61-80.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • H73 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
    • H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
    • R51 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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