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Empresas Promotoras de Salud en Colombia: Gestión del riesgo en salud, eficiencia técnica y solidez financiera

Author

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  • Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra
  • Diego Vásquez-Escobar
  • María Isabel Alarcón-Obando
  • Giselle Tatiana Silva-Samudio

Abstract

Este documento describe el sistema de salud colombiano y sus principales responsabilidades, destacando las funciones del aseguramiento y la financiación, y realiza comparaciones con otros sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Además, utilizando técnicas de frontera estocástica, estima la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos de las Entidades Promotoras de Salud (EPS) en Colombia, durante el periodo 2014 y 2021. Los resultados indican que la eficiencia promedio es del 58%, con una dispersión significativa, lo que sugiere que en el país han operado EPS con niveles muy diferentes de eficiencia en la administración y gestión de sus recursos, con un mínimo de 1% y un máximo de 92%. También se estima una medida de eficiencia de escala para determinar el grado en qué las entidades optimizan el tamaño de sus operaciones y se encuentra que el 41,9% de las EPS más eficientes, tienen las mejores ganancias en eficiencia de escala, mientras que el 46,2% de las más ineficientes tienen los peores resultados. Por último, utilizando la metodología CAMEL, se realiza un análisis de solidez financiera y gerencial de estas entidades. Los resultados revelan una alta correlación entre las estimaciones de eficiencia de las EPS y los indicadores de tamaño relativo del mercado y calidad de la cartera, subrayando la importancia de la eficiencia a escala en el desempeño de las EPS. **** ABSTRACT: This document describes the Colombian healthcare system and its main responsibilities, highlighting the roles of insurance and financing, and compares it with other healthcare systems globally. Additionally, using stochastic frontier techniques, it estimates the efficiency in the use of resources of the Health Promoting Entities (EPS) in Colombia, during the period 2014 to 2021. The results indicate that the average efficiency is 58%, with significant dispersion, suggesting that EPS in the country have operated at very different levels of efficiency in the administration and management of their resources, ranging from a minimum of 1% to a maximum of 92%. A scale efficiency measure is also estimated to determine the extent to which entities optimize the size of their operations, finding that 41.9% of the most efficient EPS have the best gains in scale efficiency, while 46.2% of the least efficient ones have the worst results. Finally, using the CAMEL methodology, a financial and managerial strength analysis of these entities is conducted. The results reveal a high correlation between the efficiency estimates of the EPS and the indicators of relative market size and portfolio quality, emphasizing the importance of scale efficiency in the performance of EPS.

Suggested Citation

  • Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Diego Vásquez-Escobar & María Isabel Alarcón-Obando & Giselle Tatiana Silva-Samudio, 2024. "Empresas Promotoras de Salud en Colombia: Gestión del riesgo en salud, eficiencia técnica y solidez financiera," Borradores de Economia 1272, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1272
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1272
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Eficiencia técnica; eficiencia a escala; CAMEL; Frontera estocástica; EPS; Technical efficiency; scale efficiency; CAMEL; Stochastic frontier; EPS.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D24 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

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