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Optimizing the position of bike sharing stations. The Milan case

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Listed:
  • Edoardo Croci
  • Davide Rossi

Abstract

Bike Sharing systems are rapidly spreading around in European cities. Bike sharing is a new type of public transportation based on the use of public bikes to cover relatively short distances in urban areas. It is used both in conjunction with traditional public transport to complete the “last mile”, or in alternative for its flexibility. Usage fees are usually very low, compared to other means of transport, as costs of service are often covered by advertising. In this work we will focus on the case of Milan where the bike sharing system, called "BikeMi", was introduced in 2008 and has already reached over 200 stations and 3.000 bikes with 1.8 million travels in 2013. The aim of the paper is to assess which attractors influence the use of bike sharing stations. The paper also examines the different effect of proximity and visibility of bike sharing stations from attractors. An econometric analysis is performed, based on the data set of use of the system and on GIS information on the position of bike sharing stations and attractors. The main results suggest that the presence of metro and train stations, universities, museums, cinema and restricted traffic areas in correspondence of bike sharing stations significantly increase use. On the other hand the presence of tram and bus stops and theatres does not and has an opposite influence. With respect to visibility, there is a positive effect for tram, bus and metro stops, theatres and cinemas. On the other hand, universities and museums show a negative correlation. The results appear robust to the inclusion of time and other possible confounding variables, such as weather conditions. The analysis supports the relevance of the role of urban planning for the best positioning of bike sharing stations and the need to carefully consider the features of surrounding environment to optimise the distribution of bike sharing stations in a territory.

Suggested Citation

  • Edoardo Croci & Davide Rossi, 2014. "Optimizing the position of bike sharing stations. The Milan case," IEFE Working Papers 68, IEFE, Center for Research on Energy and Environmental Economics and Policy, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcu:iefewp:iefewp68
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    File URL: https://repec.unibocconi.it/iefe/bcu/papers/iefewp68.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lin, Jenn-Rong & Yang, Ta-Hui, 2011. "Strategic design of public bicycle sharing systems with service level constraints," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 284-294, March.
    2. Susan Handy & Yan Xing & Theodore Buehler, 2010. "Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use: a study of six small U.S. cities," Transportation, Springer, vol. 37(6), pages 967-985, November.
    3. Meghan Winters & Gavin Davidson & Diana Kao & Kay Teschke, 2011. "Motivators and deterrents of bicycling: comparing influences on decisions to ride," Transportation, Springer, vol. 38(1), pages 153-168, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Leonardo Caggiani & Rosalia Camporeale & Zahra Hamidi & Chunli Zhao, 2021. "Evaluating the Efficiency of Bike-Sharing Stations with Data Envelopment Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Renata Żochowska & Marianna Jacyna & Marcin Jacek Kłos & Piotr Soczówka, 2021. "A GIS-Based Method of the Assessment of Spatial Integration of Bike-Sharing Stations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-29, April.
    3. Çelebi, Dilay & Yörüsün, Aslı & Işık, Hanife, 2018. "Bicycle sharing system design with capacity allocations," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 86-98.
    4. Jaller, Miguel & Qian, Xiaodong & Joby, Raina & Xiao, Runhua Ivan, 2023. "Optimizing Bikeshare Service to Connect Affordable Housing Units with Transit Service," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt9mp4g0xz, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    5. Mete Suleyman & Cil Zeynel Abidin & Özceylan Eren, 2018. "Location and Coverage Analysis of Bike- Sharing Stations in University Campus," Business Systems Research, Sciendo, vol. 9(2), pages 80-95, July.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    bike sharing; sustainable mobility; urban mobility;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D04 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation; Evaluation
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • R42 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance; Transportation Planning

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