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Inference in Panel SVARs with Two-Way Dependence

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  • Lennart Empting
  • Saskia Ozturk
  • Simone Maxand
  • Konstantin Wagner

Abstract

We develop inference for heterogeneous panel vector autoregressive (VAR) models and their structural impulse response functions, where the error terms are dependent in the cross-sectional and time dimensions (two-way dependence). For proxy-identified structural VARs, we first adapt mean-group estimation and construct a closed-form pooled identification. Considering the reduced-form VAR dynamics, residual covariances, and structural parameters, we derive a joint central limit theorem under joint limits in the cross-sectional and time dimensions. We then propose a recursive-design panel moving-block bootstrap that resamples the estimated error terms in (i) the temporal, (ii) the cross-sectional, or (iii) both dimensions jointly, and prove consistency of the joint panel-block scheme under two-way dependence. Simulations show coverage close to the nominal level for the joint scheme but severe undercoverage for cross-sectional resampling.

Suggested Citation

  • Lennart Empting & Saskia Ozturk & Simone Maxand & Konstantin Wagner, 2026. "Inference in Panel SVARs with Two-Way Dependence," Papers 2610.11898, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2610.11898
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jens‐Peter Kreiss & Jürgen Franke, 1992. "Bootstrapping Stationary Autoregressive Moving‐Average Models," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(4), pages 297-317, July.
    2. Carsten Jentsch & Kurt G. Lunsford, 2022. "Asymptotically Valid Bootstrap Inference for Proxy SVARs," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(4), pages 1876-1891, October.
    3. Lutz Kilian, 1998. "Small-Sample Confidence Intervals For Impulse Response Functions," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 80(2), pages 218-230, May.
    4. Juan F. Rubio-Ramírez & Daniel F. Waggoner & Tao Zha, 2010. "Structural Vector Autoregressions: Theory of Identification and Algorithms for Inference," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 77(2), pages 665-696.
    5. Konrad Menzel, 2021. "Bootstrap With Cluster‐Dependence in Two or More Dimensions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 89(5), pages 2143-2188, September.
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