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Flexible Imputation of Incomplete Network Data

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  • Ge Sun
  • Weisheng Zhang

Abstract

Sampled network data are widely used in empirical research because collecting complete network information is costly. However, empirical analyses based on sampled networks may lead to biased estimators. We propose a nonparametric imputation method for sampled networks and show that empirical analyses based on imputed networks yield consistent estimates. Our approach imputes missing network links by combining a projection onto covariates with a local two-way fixed-effects regression. The method avoids parametric assumptions, does not rely on low-rank restrictions, and flexibly accommodates both observed covariates and unobserved heterogeneity. We establish entrywise convergence rates for the imputed matrix and prove the consistency of generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators based on imputed networks. We further derive the convergence rate of the corresponding estimator in the linear-in-means peer-effects model. Simulations show strong performance of our method both in terms of imputation accuracy and in downstream empirical analysis. We illustrate our method with an application to the microfinance network data of Banerjee et al. (2013).

Suggested Citation

  • Ge Sun & Weisheng Zhang, 2026. "Flexible Imputation of Incomplete Network Data," Papers 2604.03171, arXiv.org, revised May 2026.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2604.03171
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    7. Mugnier, Martin, 2025. "A simple and computationally trivial estimator for grouped fixed effects models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    8. Tianxi Cai & T. Tony Cai & Anru Zhang, 2016. "Structured Matrix Completion with Applications to Genomic Data Integration," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 111(514), pages 621-633, April.
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