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Hidden Risks and Optionalities in American Options

Author

Listed:
  • Noura El Hassan
  • Bacel Maddah
  • Nassim N. Taleb

Abstract

We develop a practical framework for identifying and quantifying the hidden layers of risks and optionality embedded in American options by introducing stochasticity into one or more of their underlying determinants. The heuristic approach remedies the problems of conventional pricing systems, which treat some key inputs deterministically, hence systematically underestimate the flexibility and convexity inherent in early-exercise features.

Suggested Citation

  • Noura El Hassan & Bacel Maddah & Nassim N. Taleb, 2026. "Hidden Risks and Optionalities in American Options," Papers 2602.14350, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2602.14350
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cox, John C. & Ross, Stephen A. & Rubinstein, Mark, 1979. "Option pricing: A simplified approach," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 229-263, September.
    2. Hull, John C & White, Alan D, 1987. "The Pricing of Options on Assets with Stochastic Volatilities," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(2), pages 281-300, June.
    3. Medvedev, Alexey & Scaillet, Olivier, 2010. "Pricing American options under stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rates," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(1), pages 145-159, October.
    4. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    5. Garman, Mark B. & Kohlhagen, Steven W., 1983. "Foreign currency option values," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 231-237, December.
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