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Monetary Macro Accounting Theory

Author

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  • Ren'eee Men'endez
  • Viktor Winschel

Abstract

We develop a monetary macro accounting theory (MoMaT) and its software specification for a consistent national accounting. In our money theory money functions primarily as a medium of payment for obligations and debts, not as a medium of exchange, originating from the temporal misalignment where producers pay suppliers before receiving revenue. MoMaT applies the legal principles of Separation and Abstraction to model debt, contracts, property rights, and money to understand their nature. Monetary systems according to our approach operate at three interconnected levels: micro (division of labor), meso (banking for risk-sharing), and macro (GDP sharing, money issuance). Critical to money theory are macro debt relations, hence the model focuses not on the circulation of money but on debt vortices: the ongoing creation and resolution of financial obligations. The Bill of Exchange (BoE) acts as a unifying contractual instrument, linking debt processes and monetary issuance across fiat and gold-based systems. A multi-level BoE framework enables liquidity exchange, investments, and endorsements, designed for potential implementation in blockchain smart contracts and AI automation to improve borrowing transparency. Mathematical rigor can be ensured through category theory and sheaf theory for invariances between economic levels and homology theory for monetary policy foundations. Open Games can structure macroeconomic analysis with multi-agent models, making MoMaT applicable to blockchain economic theory, monetary policy, and supply chain finance.

Suggested Citation

  • Ren'eee Men'endez & Viktor Winschel, 2025. "Monetary Macro Accounting Theory," Papers 2506.21651, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2506.21651
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael McLeay & Amar Radia & Ryland Thomas, 2014. "Money creation in the modern economy," Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Bank of England, vol. 54(1), pages 14-27.
    2. Viktor Winschel & Markus Kr‰tzig, 2010. "Solving, Estimating, and Selecting Nonlinear Dynamic Models Without the Curse of Dimensionality," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 78(2), pages 803-821, March.
    3. Hellwig, Martin F., 1993. "The challenge of monetary theory," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(2-3), pages 215-242, April.
    4. Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro & Wright, Randall, 1993. "A Search-Theoretic Approach to Monetary Economics," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 83(1), pages 63-77, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ren'ee Men'endez & Viktor Winschel, 2025. "Macroeconomic Foundation of Monetary Accounting by Diagrams of Categorical Universals," Papers 2508.14132, arXiv.org.

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