IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2105.13822.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Behavior of Liquidity Providers in Decentralized Exchanges

Author

Listed:
  • Lioba Heimbach
  • Ye Wang
  • Roger Wattenhofer

Abstract

Decentralized exchanges (DEXes) have introduced an innovative trading mechanism, where it is not necessary to match buy-orders and sell-orders to execute a trade. DEXes execute each trade individually, and the exchange rate is automatically determined by the ratio of assets reserved in the market. Therefore, apart from trading, financial players can also liquidity providers, benefiting from transaction fees from trades executed in DEXes. Although liquidity providers are essential for the functionality of DEXes, it is not clear how liquidity providers behave in such markets. In this paper, we aim to understand how liquidity providers react to market information and how they benefit from providing liquidity in DEXes. We measure the operations of liquidity providers on Uniswap and analyze how they determine their investment strategy based on market changes. We also reveal their returns and risks of investments in different trading pair categories, i.e., stable pairs, normal pairs, and exotic pairs. Further, we investigate the movement of liquidity between trading pools. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that systematically studies the behavior of liquidity providers in DEXes.

Suggested Citation

  • Lioba Heimbach & Ye Wang & Roger Wattenhofer, 2021. "Behavior of Liquidity Providers in Decentralized Exchanges," Papers 2105.13822, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2021.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2105.13822
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.13822
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alex Evans & Guillermo Angeris & Tarun Chitra, 2021. "Optimal Fees for Geometric Mean Market Makers," Papers 2104.00446, arXiv.org.
    2. Alex Evans, 2020. "Liquidity Provider Returns in Geometric Mean Markets," Papers 2006.08806, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2020.
    3. Ye Wang & Yan Chen & Haotian Wu & Liyi Zhou & Shuiguang Deng & Roger Wattenhofer, 2021. "Cyclic Arbitrage in Decentralized Exchanges," Papers 2105.02784, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2022.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Arman Abgaryan & Utkarsh Sharma, 2023. "Dynamic Function Market Maker," Papers 2307.13624, arXiv.org.
    2. Jan Arvid Berg & Robin Fritsch & Lioba Heimbach & Roger Wattenhofer, 2022. "An Empirical Study of Market Inefficiencies in Uniswap and SushiSwap," Papers 2203.07774, arXiv.org, revised May 2022.
    3. Lioba Heimbach & Eric Schertenleib & Roger Wattenhofer, 2022. "Risks and Returns of Uniswap V3 Liquidity Providers," Papers 2205.08904, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2022.
    4. Andrea Canidio & Robin Fritsch, 2023. "Arbitrageurs' profits, LVR, and sandwich attacks: batch trading as an AMM design response," Papers 2307.02074, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2024.
    5. 'Alvaro Cartea & Fayc{c}al Drissi & Marcello Monga, 2023. "Decentralised Finance and Automated Market Making: Execution and Speculation," Papers 2307.03499, arXiv.org.
    6. Deborah Miori & Mihai Cucuringu, 2022. "DeFi: data-driven characterisation of Uniswap v3 ecosystem & an ideal crypto law for liquidity pools," Papers 2301.13009, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2023.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Raphael Auer & Bernhard Haslhofer & Stefan Kitzler & Pietro Saggese & Friedhelm Victor, 2023. "The Technology of Decentralized Finance (DeFi)," BIS Working Papers 1066, Bank for International Settlements.
    2. Guillermo Angeris & Alex Evans & Tarun Chitra, 2021. "Replicating Monotonic Payoffs Without Oracles," Papers 2111.13740, arXiv.org.
    3. Philippe Bergault & Louis Bertucci & David Bouba & Olivier Gu'eant, 2022. "Automated Market Makers: Mean-Variance Analysis of LPs Payoffs and Design of Pricing Functions," Papers 2212.00336, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2023.
    4. Andrea Barbon & Angelo Ranaldo, 2021. "On The Quality Of Cryptocurrency Markets: Centralized Versus Decentralized Exchanges," Papers 2112.07386, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2023.
    5. Robin Fritsch & Roger Wattenhofer, 2021. "A Note on Optimal Fees for Constant Function Market Makers," Papers 2105.13510, arXiv.org.
    6. Guillermo Angeris & Akshay Agrawal & Alex Evans & Tarun Chitra & Stephen Boyd, 2021. "Constant Function Market Makers: Multi-Asset Trades via Convex Optimization," Papers 2107.12484, arXiv.org.
    7. Lioba Heimbach & Eric Schertenleib & Roger Wattenhofer, 2022. "Risks and Returns of Uniswap V3 Liquidity Providers," Papers 2205.08904, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2022.
    8. Saggese, Pietro & Belmonte, Alessandro & Dimitri, Nicola & Facchini, Angelo & Böhme, Rainer, 2023. "Arbitrageurs in the Bitcoin ecosystem: Evidence from user-level trading patterns in the Mt. Gox exchange platform," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 251-270.
    9. Jiahua Xu & Krzysztof Paruch & Simon Cousaert & Yebo Feng, 2021. "SoK: Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) with Automated Market Maker (AMM) Protocols," Papers 2103.12732, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    10. Dev Churiwala & Bhaskar Krishnamachari, 2022. "QLAMMP: A Q-Learning Agent for Optimizing Fees on Automated Market Making Protocols," Papers 2211.14977, arXiv.org.
    11. Sam M. Werner & Daniel Perez & Lewis Gudgeon & Ariah Klages-Mundt & Dominik Harz & William J. Knottenbelt, 2021. "SoK: Decentralized Finance (DeFi)," Papers 2101.08778, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2022.
    12. Nassib Boueri, 2021. "G3M Impermanent Loss Dynamics," Papers 2108.06593, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2022.
    13. Johannes Rude Jensen & Mohsen Pourpouneh & Kurt Nielsen & Omri Ross, 2021. "The Homogenous Properties of Automated Market Makers," Papers 2105.02782, arXiv.org.
    14. Arman Abgaryan & Utkarsh Sharma, 2023. "Dynamic Function Market Maker," Papers 2307.13624, arXiv.org.
    15. Guillermo Angeris & Alex Evans & Tarun Chitra, 2023. "Replicating market makers," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 5(2), pages 367-387, June.
    16. Tobias Bitterli & Fabian Schar, 2023. "Decentralized Exchanges: The Profitability Frontier of Constant Product Market Makers," Papers 2302.05219, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    17. Guillermo Angeris & Alex Evans & Tarun Chitra, 2020. "When does the tail wag the dog? Curvature and market making," Papers 2012.08040, arXiv.org.
    18. Guillermo Angeris & Alex Evans & Tarun Chitra, 2021. "Replicating Market Makers," Papers 2103.14769, arXiv.org.
    19. Neelesh Tiruviluamala & Alexander Port & Erik Lewis, 2022. "A General Framework for Impermanent Loss in Automated Market Makers," Papers 2203.11352, arXiv.org.
    20. Jason Milionis & Ciamac C. Moallemi & Tim Roughgarden & Anthony Lee Zhang, 2022. "Automated Market Making and Loss-Versus-Rebalancing," Papers 2208.06046, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2023.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2105.13822. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.