IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2010.12651.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Multilevel Monte-Carlo for computing the SCR with the standard formula and other stress tests

Author

Listed:
  • Aur'elien Alfonsi
  • Adel Cherchali
  • Jose Arturo Infante Acevedo

Abstract

This paper studies the multilevel Monte-Carlo estimator for the expectation of a maximum of conditional expectations. This problem arises naturally when considering many stress tests and appears in the calculation of the interest rate module of the standard formula for the SCR. We obtain theoretical convergence results that complements the recent work of Giles and Goda and gives some additional tractability through a parameter that somehow describes regularity properties around the maximum. We then apply the MLMC estimator to the calculation of the SCR at future dates with the standard formula for an ALM savings business on life insurance. We compare it with estimators obtained with Least Square Monte-Carlo or Neural Networks. We find that the MLMC estimator is computationally more efficient and has the main advantage to avoid regression issues, which is particularly significant in the context of projection of a balance sheet by an insurer due to the path dependency. Last, we discuss the potentiality of this numerical method and analyze in particular the effect of the portfolio allocation on the SCR at future~dates.

Suggested Citation

  • Aur'elien Alfonsi & Adel Cherchali & Jose Arturo Infante Acevedo, 2020. "Multilevel Monte-Carlo for computing the SCR with the standard formula and other stress tests," Papers 2010.12651, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2021.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2010.12651
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12651
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Julien Vedani & Laurent Devineau, 2012. "Solvency assessment within the ORSA framework: issues and quantitative methodologies," Working Papers hal-00744351, HAL.
    2. Philipp Grohs & Fabian Hornung & Arnulf Jentzen & Philippe von Wurstemberger, 2018. "A proof that artificial neural networks overcome the curse of dimensionality in the numerical approximation of Black-Scholes partial differential equations," Papers 1809.02362, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2023.
    3. Lucio Fernandez-Arjona & Damir Filipovi'c, 2020. "A machine learning approach to portfolio pricing and risk management for high-dimensional problems," Papers 2004.14149, arXiv.org, revised May 2022.
    4. Michael B. Gordy & Sandeep Juneja, 2010. "Nested Simulation in Portfolio Risk Measurement," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(10), pages 1833-1848, October.
    5. K. Bujok & B. M. Hambly & C. Reisinger, 2015. "Multilevel Simulation of Functionals of Bernoulli Random Variables with Application to Basket Credit Derivatives," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 579-604, September.
    6. F Bourgey & S de Marco & Emmanuel Gobet & Alexandre Zhou, 2020. "Multilevel Monte-Carlo methods and lower-upper bounds in Initial Margin computations," Working Papers hal-02430430, HAL.
    7. Daphné Giorgi & Vincent Lemaire & Gilles Pagès, 2020. "Weak Error for Nested Multilevel Monte Carlo," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 1325-1348, September.
    8. Michael B. Giles, 2008. "Multilevel Monte Carlo Path Simulation," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 56(3), pages 607-617, June.
    9. Patrick Cheridito & John Ery & Mario V. Wüthrich, 2020. "Assessing Asset-Liability Risk with Neural Networks," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-17, February.
    10. F Bourgey & S de Marco & Emmanuel Gobet & Alexandre Zhou, 2020. "Multilevel Monte-Carlo methods and lower-upper bounds in Initial Margin computations," Post-Print hal-02430430, HAL.
    11. Floryszczak, Anthony & Le Courtois, Olivier & Majri, Mohamed, 2016. "Inside the Solvency 2 Black Box: Net Asset Values and Solvency Capital Requirements with a least-squares Monte-Carlo approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 15-26.
    12. Bauer, Daniel & Reuss, Andreas & Singer, Daniela, 2012. "On the Calculation of the Solvency Capital Requirement Based on Nested Simulations," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 42(2), pages 453-499, November.
    13. Julien Vedani & Laurent Devineau, 2012. "Solvency assessment within the ORSA framework: issues and quantitative methodologies," Papers 1210.6000, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2012.
    14. Anthony Floryszczak & Olivier Le Courtois & Mohamed Majri, 2016. "Inside the Solvency 2 Black Box : Net asset values and solvency capital requirements with a least-squares Monte-Carlo approach," Post-Print hal-02313445, HAL.
    15. Anne-Sophie Krah & Zoran Nikolić & Ralf Korn, 2018. "A Least-Squares Monte Carlo Framework in Proxy Modeling of Life Insurance Companies," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-26, June.
    16. Mark Broadie & Yiping Du & Ciamac C. Moallemi, 2011. "Efficient Risk Estimation via Nested Sequential Simulation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(6), pages 1172-1194, June.
    17. Michael B. Giles & Abdul-Lateef Haji-Ali, 2018. "Multilevel nested simulation for efficient risk estimation," Papers 1802.05016, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2019.
    18. Bourgey Florian & De Marco Stefano & Gobet Emmanuel & Zhou Alexandre, 2020. "Multilevel Monte Carlo methods and lower–upper bounds in initial margin computations," Monte Carlo Methods and Applications, De Gruyter, vol. 26(2), pages 131-161, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aurélien Alfonsi & Bernard Lapeyre & Jérôme Lelong, 2023. "How Many Inner Simulations to Compute Conditional Expectations with Least-square Monte Carlo?," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 1-25, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alfonsi, Aurélien & Cherchali, Adel & Infante Acevedo, Jose Arturo, 2021. "Multilevel Monte-Carlo for computing the SCR with the standard formula and other stress tests," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 234-260.
    2. Michael B. Giles & Abdul-Lateef Haji-Ali, 2019. "Sub-sampling and other considerations for efficient risk estimation in large portfolios," Papers 1912.05484, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2022.
    3. Hongjun Ha & Daniel Bauer, 2022. "A least-squares Monte Carlo approach to the estimation of enterprise risk," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 417-459, July.
    4. Hainaut, Donatien & Akbaraly, Adnane, 2023. "Risk management with Local Least Squares Monte-Carlo," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2023003, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    5. F Bourgey & S de Marco & Emmanuel Gobet & Alexandre Zhou, 2020. "Multilevel Monte-Carlo methods and lower-upper bounds in Initial Margin computations," Post-Print hal-02430430, HAL.
    6. F Bourgey & S de Marco & Emmanuel Gobet & Alexandre Zhou, 2020. "Multilevel Monte-Carlo methods and lower-upper bounds in Initial Margin computations," Working Papers hal-02430430, HAL.
    7. Runhuan Feng & Peng Li, 2021. "Sample Recycling Method -- A New Approach to Efficient Nested Monte Carlo Simulations," Papers 2106.06028, arXiv.org.
    8. Michael B. Giles & Abdul-Lateef Haji-Ali & Jonathan Spence, 2023. "Efficient Risk Estimation for the Credit Valuation Adjustment," Papers 2301.05886, arXiv.org.
    9. Aur'elien Alfonsi & Bernard Lapeyre & J'er^ome Lelong, 2022. "How many inner simulations to compute conditional expectations with least-square Monte Carlo?," Papers 2209.04153, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.
    10. Aurélien Alfonsi & Bernard Lapeyre & Jérôme Lelong, 2022. "How many inner simulations to compute conditional expectations with least-square Monte Carlo?," Working Papers hal-03770051, HAL.
    11. Bourgey Florian & De Marco Stefano & Gobet Emmanuel & Zhou Alexandre, 2020. "Multilevel Monte Carlo methods and lower–upper bounds in initial margin computations," Monte Carlo Methods and Applications, De Gruyter, vol. 26(2), pages 131-161, June.
    12. Aurélien Alfonsi & Bernard Lapeyre & Jérôme Lelong, 2023. "How many inner simulations to compute conditional expectations with least-square Monte Carlo?," Post-Print hal-03770051, HAL.
    13. Aurélien Alfonsi & Bernard Lapeyre & Jérôme Lelong, 2023. "How Many Inner Simulations to Compute Conditional Expectations with Least-square Monte Carlo?," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 1-25, September.
    14. Devang Sinha & Siddhartha P. Chakrabarty, 2022. "Multilevel Monte Carlo and its Applications in Financial Engineering," Papers 2209.14549, arXiv.org.
    15. Fabian Dickmann & Nikolaus Schweizer, 2014. "Faster Comparison of Stopping Times by Nested Conditional Monte Carlo," Papers 1402.0243, arXiv.org.
    16. Stéphane Crépey & Noufel Frikha & Azar Louzi & Gilles Pagès, 2023. "Asymptotic Error Analysis of Multilevel Stochastic Approximations for the Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-04304985, HAL.
    17. Daphné Giorgi & Vincent Lemaire & Gilles Pagès, 2020. "Weak Error for Nested Multilevel Monte Carlo," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 1325-1348, September.
    18. Massimo Costabile & Fabio Viviano, 2021. "Modeling the Future Value Distribution of a Life Insurance Portfolio," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-17, October.
    19. Patrick Cheridito & John Ery & Mario V. Wüthrich, 2020. "Assessing Asset-Liability Risk with Neural Networks," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-17, February.
    20. St'ephane Cr'epey & Noufel Frikha & Azar Louzi, 2023. "A Multilevel Stochastic Approximation Algorithm for Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall Estimation," Papers 2304.01207, arXiv.org.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2010.12651. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.