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Central limit theorems and inference for sources of productivity change measured by nonparametric Malmquist indices

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  • Simar, Leopold
  • W. Wilson, Paul

Abstract

Malmquist indices are often used to measure productivity changes in dynamic settings and have been widely applied. The indices are typically estimated using data envelopment analysis (DEA) estimators. Malmquist indices are often decomposed into sub-indices that measure the sources of productivity change (e.g., changes in efficiency, technology or other factors). Recently, Kneip et al. (2018) provide new theoretical results enabling inference about productivity change for individual firms as well as average productivity changed measured in terms of geometric means. This paper extends those results to components of productivity change arising from various decompositions of Malmquist indices. New central limit theorems are developed to allow inference about arithmetic means of logarithms of the sub-indices as well as geometric means of (untransformed) sub-indices. The results are quite general and extend to other sub-indices not explicitly considered in this paper.
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Suggested Citation

  • Simar, Leopold & W. Wilson, Paul, 2019. "Central limit theorems and inference for sources of productivity change measured by nonparametric Malmquist indices," LIDAM Reprints ISBA 2019010, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
  • Handle: RePEc:aiz:louvar:2019010
    Note: In : European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 277, no.2, p. 756-769 (2019)
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    Cited by:

    1. Manh Pham & Léopold Simar & Valentin Zelenyuk, 2024. "Statistical Inference for Aggregation of Malmquist Productivity Indices," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 72(4), pages 1615-1629, July.
    2. Valentin Zelenyuk, 2023. "Productivity analysis: roots, foundations, trends and perspectives," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 60(3), pages 229-247, December.
    3. Paul W. Wilson & Shirong Zhao, 2023. "Investigating the performance of Chinese banks over 2007–2014," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 321(1), pages 663-692, February.
    4. Paul W. Wilson & Shirong Zhao, 2025. "A non-parametric analysis of world productivity growth, 1990–2019," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 346(3), pages 2253-2285, March.
    5. Pedro-José Martínez-Córdoba & Nicola Raimo & Filippo Vitolla & Bernardino Benito, 2020. "Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Efficiency in the Spanish Clean Water and Sanitation Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-13, April.
    6. Simar, Léopold & Wilson, Paul W., 2020. "Technical, allocative and overall efficiency: Estimation and inference," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 282(3), pages 1164-1176.
    7. Léopold Simar & Valentin Zelenyuk & Shirong Zhao, 2025. "Statistical inference for Hicks–Moorsteen productivity indices," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 351(2), pages 1675-1703, August.
    8. Bigerna, Simona & D'Errico, Maria Chiara & Polinori, Paolo, 2020. "Heterogeneous impacts of regulatory policy stringency on the EU electricity Industry:A Bayesian shrinkage dynamic analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    9. Benito, Bernardino & Guillamón, María-Dolores & Martínez-Córdoba, Pedro-José, 2020. "Determinants of efficiency improvement in the Spanish public lighting sector," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    10. Karagiannis, Giannis & Ravanos, Panagiotis, 2025. "On the use of Malmquist productivity indices for intertemporal performance assessment by means of composite indicators," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    11. Léopold Simar & Paul W. Wilson, 2023. "Another look at productivity growth in industrialized countries," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 60(3), pages 257-272, December.
    12. Daraio, Cinzia & Di Leo, Simone & Simar, Léopold, 2025. "Conical Free Disposal Hull estimators of directional distances and Luenberger productivity indices for general technologies," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 323(3), pages 907-917.
    13. Du, Kai & Zelenyuk, Valentin, 2025. "Likelihood-ratio test for technological differences in two-stage data envelopment analysis for panel data," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 321(2), pages 644-663.
    14. Simar, Léopold & Zelenyuk, Valentin & Zhao, Shirong, 2024. "Inference for aggregate efficiency: Theory and guidelines for practitioners," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 316(1), pages 240-254.
    15. José Solana‐Ibáñez & Manuel Caravaca‐Garratón, 2021. "Stakeholder engagement and corporate social reputation: The influence of exogenous factors on efficiency performance (stakeholder engagement and exogenous factors): Stakeholder engagement and exogenou," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(6), pages 1891-1905, November.
    16. Álvarez-SanJaime, Óscar & Cantos-Sánchez, Pedro & Moner-Colonques, Rafael & Sempere-Monerris, Jose J., 2024. "Efficiency versus market power in the rail industry," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    17. Daraio, Cinzia & Di Leo, Simone & Simar, Léopold, 2024. "Conical FDH Estimators of Directional Distances and Luenberger Productivity Indices for General Technologies," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2024009, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).

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