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Arbeitsmärkte in Mittel- und Osteuropa

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  • Schäfer, Holger

Abstract

Die Arbeitsmärkte der mittel- und osteuropäischen EU-Beitrittskandidaten sind von den Anpassungslasten des Transformationsprozesses gekennzeichnet. Vergleichsweise geringe Arbeitsmarktprobleme finden sich in Slowenien und mit Einschränkungen in der Tschechischen Republik und Ungarn. Als kritisch muss die Arbeitsmarktlage in Polen und Bulgarien eingestuft werden. Die Erwerbstätigkeit hat zwar offensichtlich ihren Tiefpunkt weitgehend durchschritten, aber die Arbeitslosigkeit bleibt hoch. Das Bildungsniveau der Arbeitskräfte in den Beitrittsländern ist mit dem der bisherigen Europäischen Union vergleichbar, gleichwohl sind die Humankapitalverluste durch Langzeit- und Jugendarbeitslosigkeit beträchtlich. Dies kann sich durch Emigration weiter verschärfen, vor allem wenn junge und gut ausgebildete Arbeitskräfte abwandern. Die institutionelle Ausgestaltung der sozialen Sicherung ist derzeit nicht überall dazu geeignet, diesen Problemen entgegenzuwirken.

Suggested Citation

  • Schäfer, Holger, 2004. "Arbeitsmärkte in Mittel- und Osteuropa," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 31(1), pages 39-44.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwktre:156861
    DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.04-01-07
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tito Boeri, 2007. "Transition with Labor Supply," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Erik Berglöf & Gérard Roland (ed.), The Economics of Transition, chapter 5, pages 94-143, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. Tito Boeri, 2007. "Transition with Labor Supply," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Erik Berglöf & Gérard Roland (ed.), The Economics of Transition, chapter 5, pages 94-143, Palgrave Macmillan.
    3. Volkhart Vincentz & Michael Knogler, 2003. "Szenarien der mittelfristigen Konvergenz der EU-Beitrittsländer Polen, Slowakische Republik und Ungarn," Working Papers 244, Leibniz Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung (Institute for East and Southeast European Studies).
    4. Svejnar, Jan, 1999. "Labor markets in the transitional Central and East European economies," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 42, pages 2809-2857, Elsevier.
    5. Plünnecke, Axel & Werner, Dirk, 2004. "Das Humankapital der EU-Beitrittskandidaten," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 31(1), pages 27-32.
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