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Water Demand by Unconnected Urban Households in Rwanda

Author

Listed:
  • Claudine Uwera

    (Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 640, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
    Department of Economics, University of Rwanda, PO Box 4285, Kigali, Rwanda)

  • Jesper Stage

    (Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden;
    Department of Business, Economics and Law, Mid Sweden University, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden)

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze water demand by urban households in Rwanda who currently lack a piped connection into their home. The analysis uses data from a cross-sectional survey. The results show that public taps are the most widely used water source and that the demand for water from this source is more inelastic than that for water from other water sources. Although some households combine different sources of water, the majority in the sample uses only one source. We use the full household income, including the value of the household's time, and obtain results which indicate income elasticities higher than those obtained using monetary income only. The full cost associated with alternative water sources (including the opportunity cost of the time used) is shown to be important for determining the choice of source — something which has been overlooked in most previous studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudine Uwera & Jesper Stage, 2015. "Water Demand by Unconnected Urban Households in Rwanda," Water Economics and Policy (WEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 1(01), pages 1-28.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:wepxxx:v:01:y:2015:i:01:n:s2382624x14500027
    DOI: 10.1142/S2382624X14500027
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nauges, Céline & Van Den Berg, Caroline, 2009. "Perception of Health Risk and Averting Behavior: An Analysis of Household Water Consumption in Southwest Sri Lanka," TSE Working Papers 09-139, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    2. Whittington, D. & Swarna, V., 1994. "The Economic Benefits of Potable Water Supply Projects to Households in Developing Countries," Papers 53, Asian Development Bank.
    3. World Bank, 2012. "Water Supply and Sanitation in Rwanda : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond," World Bank Publications - Reports 12891, The World Bank Group.
    4. World Bank, 2012. "Water Supply and Sanitation in Mozambique : Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond," World Bank Publications - Reports 12888, The World Bank Group.
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    Cited by:

    1. Cook, Joseph & Wagner, Jake & Newell, Gunnar, 2020. "A Decision Support Tool for Rural Water Supply Planning," EfD Discussion Paper 20-6, Environment for Development, University of Gothenburg.
    2. Jake Wagner & Joseph Cook & Peter Kimuyu, 2019. "Household Demand for Water in Rural Kenya," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 74(4), pages 1563-1584, December.
    3. Grace Nishimwe & Didier Milindi Rugema & Claudine Uwera & Cor Graveland & Jesper Stage & Swaib Munyawera & Gabriel Ngabirame, 2020. "Natural Capital Accounting for Land in Rwanda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-25, June.

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