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Annual Burden of Occupationally‐Acquired Influenza Infections in Hospitals and Emergency Departments in the United States

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  • Rachael M. Jones
  • Yulin Xia

Abstract

Infections among health‐care personnel (HCP) occur as a result of providing care to patients with infectious diseases, but surveillance is limited to a few diseases. The objective of this study is to determine the annual number of influenza infections acquired by HCP as a result of occupational exposures to influenza patients in hospitals and emergency departments (EDs) in the United States. A risk analysis approach was taken. A compartmental model was used to estimate the influenza dose received in a single exposure, and a dose–response function applied to calculate the probability of infection. A three‐step algorithm tabulated the total number of influenza infections based on: the total number of occupational exposures (tabulated in previous work), the total number of HCP with occupational exposures, and the probability of infection in an occupational exposure. Estimated influenza infections were highly dependent upon the dose–response function. Given current compliance with infection control precautions, we estimated 151,300 and 34,150 influenza infections annually with two dose–response functions (annual incidence proportions of 9.3% and 2.1%, respectively). Greater reductions in infectious were achieved by full compliance with vaccination and IC precautions than with patient isolation. The burden of occupationally‐acquired influenza among HCP in hospitals and EDs in the United States is not trivial, and can be reduced through improved compliance with vaccination and preventive measures, including engineering and administrative controls.

Suggested Citation

  • Rachael M. Jones & Yulin Xia, 2018. "Annual Burden of Occupationally‐Acquired Influenza Infections in Hospitals and Emergency Departments in the United States," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(3), pages 442-453, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:38:y:2018:i:3:p:442-453
    DOI: 10.1111/risa.12854
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Mark Nicas & Rachael M. Jones, 2009. "Relative Contributions of Four Exposure Pathways to Influenza Infection Risk," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(9), pages 1292-1303, September.
    4. Mark Nicas & Gang Sun, 2006. "An Integrated Model of Infection Risk in a Health‐Care Environment," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(4), pages 1085-1096, August.
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