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The development and psychometric validation of a Chinese empathy motivation scale

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  • Yu Zhu
  • Yu‐can Zhan
  • Ji‐Min Zhu
  • Li Huang
  • Ling Zhang
  • Miao Zhang
  • Bai‐Kun Li

Abstract

Aims and objectives To develop and validate an instrument to measure nurses’ empathy motivation in China (See Supporting Information Appendix S1). Background Nurses are increasingly expected to empathise with patients in clinical settings. However, research investigating nurses’ empathy motivation in China is lacking, and no specific instrument exists worldwide. Design Two‐stage cross‐sectional study, which follows the STROBE guidelines. Instrument development and psychometric evaluation were used (See Supporting Information Appendix S1). Methods A literature review and qualitative interviews with nurses were conducted to generate the initial items. Convenience samples of 340 (for item analysis) and 640 (for psychometric evaluation) clinical nurses working at four tertiary hospitals in Anhui Province were recruited. The scale was validated by content validity, surface validity and item analysis. A total of 640 participants were randomly divided into two equal groups. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used with varimax rotation, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency reliability to analyse the psychometric properties of the scale (See Supporting Information Appendix S1). Results From the initial 90‐item pool, 27 items were retained by the item analysis. The EFA (N = 290) showed the following six factors on the scale explained 71.266% of the overall variance: amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrative regulation and intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, when limited to three factors, that is autonomy motivation, controlled motivation and amotivation, 56.578% of the variance was explained. The findings showed high internal consistency. The six‐factor solution and three‐factor solution of the scale, including 27 items, were both confirmed by the CFA, for example χ2/df = 1.744, 2.261; RMSEA = 0.051, 0.066; GFI = 0.882, 0.847; TLI = 0.942, 0.902; and RMR = 0.039, 0.049, respectively. Conclusions The nurses’ empathy motivation scale presents good psychometric properties and can be used to explore nurses’ empathy motivation in China (See Supporting Information Appendix S1). Relevance to clinical practice This study offers insight into nurses’ complicated reasons for exhibiting empathy.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu Zhu & Yu‐can Zhan & Ji‐Min Zhu & Li Huang & Ling Zhang & Miao Zhang & Bai‐Kun Li, 2019. "The development and psychometric validation of a Chinese empathy motivation scale," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(13-14), pages 2599-2612, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jocnur:v:28:y:2019:i:13-14:p:2599-2612
    DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14846
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laura Cunico & Riccardo Sartori & Oliva Marognolli & Anna M Meneghini, 2012. "Developing empathy in nursing students: a cohort longitudinal study," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(13-14), pages 2016-2025, July.
    2. Henry Kaiser, 1974. "An index of factorial simplicity," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 39(1), pages 31-36, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yu Jingxian, 2022. "Analysis of Incentive Optimization Measures for Nurses in Public Hospitals in China," International Journal of Science and Business, IJSAB International, vol. 16(1), pages 192-210.
    2. Xingxing Wang & Wenwen Qi & Sally Chan & Zhongying Shi, 2020. "Development and psychometric evaluation of a Chinese version of auditory hallucination risk assessment scale in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(17-18), pages 3414-3424, September.

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