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Old‐Age Pensions and Female Labour Supply in India

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  • Vidhya Unnikrishnan
  • Kunal Sen

Abstract

Whether cash transfers have unintended effects on the recipient household's labour supply is of considerable policy interest. We examine the impact of the Indira Gandhi National Old‐Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) on prime‐age women's labour supply decisions in India, where female labour force participation continues to decline over time. We use propensity score matching (PSM) to make households with IGNOAPS recipients comparable with programme non‐recipients. Further, we use individual fixed effects (FE) to eliminate the effect of other time invariant unobservable characteristics on women's labour market behaviour. Our results from the PSM‐FE suggest that having a pensioner in the household increases the probability of working in paid employment by 3.87 percentage points for women aged 20–50. We have explored the income effect and childcare constraint as potential mechanisms.

Suggested Citation

  • Vidhya Unnikrishnan & Kunal Sen, 2025. "Old‐Age Pensions and Female Labour Supply in India," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(6), pages 1337-1350, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jintdv:v:37:y:2025:i:6:p:1337-1350
    DOI: 10.1002/jid.70013
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