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When development cooperation principles clash: Country ownership and LGBTQI+ inclusion in hostile environments

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  • Stephen Brown

Abstract

In some instances, two basic development cooperation principles appear to be in direct contradiction: on the one hand, the Sustainable Development Goals prescribe universal social inclusion under the leitmotif of “leave no one behind”, mandating an emphasis on the most marginalized. On the other hand, the cornerstone of development cooperation is “ownership”, which recognizes that countries must be free to choose their own priorities and strategies. To what extent can these two principles be reconciled in “hostile environments”, places where certain groups, such as LGBTQI+ people, are marginalized and even persecuted and criminalized? I argue that, while the SDGs are clear about the need for radical inclusion, the ownership principle lacks precision about who “owns” the concept. Adopting an emancipatory conceptualization of ownership, under which the ultimate beneficiaries should be the ones to determine priorities and strategies, eliminates the apparent contradiction and legitimizes support to marginalized groups even if their own governments disagree.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen Brown, 2024. "When development cooperation principles clash: Country ownership and LGBTQI+ inclusion in hostile environments," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(7), pages 2790-2804, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:jintdv:v:36:y:2024:i:7:p:2790-2804
    DOI: 10.1002/jid.3929
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    5. Stephen Brown, 2020. "Foreign aid, the mining sector and democratic ownership: The case of Canadian assistance to Peru," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 38(S1), pages 13-31, May.
    6. Clifton Cortez & John Arzinos & Christian De la Medina Soto, 2021. "Equality of Opportunity for Sexual and Gender Minorities," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 36288, April.
    7. Nana K. Poku & Kene Esom & Russell Armstrong, 2017. "Sustainable development and the struggle for LGBTI social inclusion in Africa: opportunities for accelerating change," Development in Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(4), pages 432-443, May.
    8. M.V. Lee Badgett & Randall Sell, 2018. "A Set of Proposed Indicators for the LGBTI Inclusion Index," World Bank Publications - Reports 30994, The World Bank Group.
    9. Malin Hasselskog & Vedaste Ndizera & Joakim Öjendal, 2023. "Connecting national ownership and local participation in aid recipient countries: The cases of Rwanda and Cambodia," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2023-10, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
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