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The Myth of 85%: Rethinking Private Ownership Claims in Critical Infrastructure

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  • Russell Lundberg

Abstract

This study evaluates the commonly cited claim that 85% of U.S. critical infrastructure is privately owned, exploring its accuracy and implications for policy. Through sector‐specific analysis and a criticality lens, the findings demonstrate that ownership patterns vary widely, with foundational sectors like water, energy, and emergency services exhibiting substantial public or mixed ownership of their most critical assets. The study identifies the “85%” statistic as a mythical number, unreflective of sectoral diversity and criticality variations. By revealing the complexity of ownership structures, including public–private partnerships and regulated utilities, this study challenges oversimplified narratives and emphasizes the need for evidence‐based policies that align resources and regulations with genuine ownership dynamics to enhance infrastructure resilience and security. 本研究评估了“美国85%的关键基础设施为私人所有”这一常见说法, 探讨了其准确性及其对政策的影响。通过特定行业的分析和关键性视角, 研究结果表明, 所有权模式差异巨大, 水务、能源和应急服务等基础行业对其最关键的资产表现出大量的公共或混合所有权。本研究认为, “85%”这一统计数字是一个虚构的数字, 无法反映行业的多样性和关键性差异。通过揭示所有权结构的复杂性, 包括公私合作伙伴关系和受监管的公用事业, 本研究挑战了过于简化的叙事, 并强调需要制定循证政策, 将资源和法规与真实的所有权动态相结合, 以增强基础设施的复原力和安全性。 Este estudio evalúa la afirmación, frecuentemente citada, de que el 85% de la infraestructura crítica estadounidense es de propiedad privada, explorando su precisión e implicaciones para las políticas públicas. Mediante un análisis sectorial y una perspectiva de criticidad, los hallazgos demuestran que los patrones de propiedad varían ampliamente, y que sectores fundamentales como el agua, la energía y los servicios de emergencia exhiben una propiedad pública o mixta sustancial de sus activos más críticos. El estudio identifica la estadística del “85%” como una cifra mítica, que no refleja la diversidad sectorial ni las variaciones de criticidad. Al revelar la complejidad de las estructuras de propiedad, incluyendo las asociaciones público‐privadas y los servicios públicos regulados, esta investigación desafía las narrativas simplistas y enfatiza la necesidad de políticas basadas en la evidencia que alineen los recursos y las regulaciones con las dinámicas de propiedad genuinas para mejorar la resiliencia y la seguridad de la infraestructura.

Suggested Citation

  • Russell Lundberg, 2026. "The Myth of 85%: Rethinking Private Ownership Claims in Critical Infrastructure," Journal of Critical Infrastructure Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(1), January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:crtinf:v:7:y:2026:i:1:n:e70003
    DOI: 10.1002/jci3.70003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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