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Do Shareholders Assess Managers' Use of Accruals to Manage Earnings as a Negative Signal of Trustworthiness Even When its Outcome Serves Shareholders' Interests?

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  • Max Hewitt
  • Frank D. Hodge
  • Jamie H. Pratt

Abstract

We examine how shareholders' trust in managers is affected by (i) the outcome of earnings management (inconsistent vs. consistent with shareholders' interests) and (ii) the method of earnings management (accruals vs. real methods). Using a controlled experiment, we predict and find that trust is impaired when the outcome of earnings management suggests that managers have put their interests above shareholders' interests and/or when the method of earnings management suggests that managers misreported the firm's economic performance. We argue that shareholders assess managers putting their interests above shareholders' interests as a signal of untrustworthiness because it involves a transfer of the firm's resources away from shareholders to managers. We argue that shareholders also assess managers' use of accruals to manage earnings as a signal of untrustworthiness because, in this instance, managers misreport the firm's economic performance. Finally, we show that trust mediates the combined effects of the outcome of earnings management and the method of earnings management on investment decisions. Our study incrementally contributes to the literature by highlighting the adverse implications of managers' use of accruals to manage earnings even when its outcome serves shareholders' interests. Les actionnaires considèrent‐ils le recours aux ajustements comptables pour gérer les résultats comme un signe négatif sur le plan de l'intégrité des gestionnaires même lorsque cela sert leurs intérêts? Nous examinons de quelle façon la confiance des actionnaires à l’égard des gestionnaires est influencée par 1) l'issue de la gestion des résultats (compatible ou incompatible avec les intérêts des actionnaires) et 2) la méthode de gestion des résultats (gestion comptable ou gestion réelle). À l'aide d'une expérience contrôlée, nous confirmons notre hypothèse voulant que la confiance est ébranlée lorsque l'issue de la gestion des résultats donne à penser que les gestionnaires ont accordé plus d'importance à leurs propres intérêts qu’à ceux des actionnaires ou lorsque la méthode de gestion des résultats porte à croire que les gestionnaires ont fourni de l'information erronée quant au rendement financier de la société. Nous avançons que les actionnaires voient les gestionnaires privilégiant leurs propres intérêts au détriment de ceux des actionnaires comme un signe de manque d'intégrité, car cela suppose que des ressources de la société ont été détournées des actionnaires au profit des gestionnaires. Nous soutenons également que les actionnaires considèrent le recours aux ajustements comptables pour gérer les résultats comme un signe de manque d'intégrité car, dans cette situation, les gestionnaires fournissent des renseignements erronés concernant le rendement financier de la société. Enfin, nous montrons que la confiance limite les effets combinés de l'issue de la gestion des résultats et de la méthode de gestion des résultats sur les décisions d'investissement. Notre étude contribue à la littérature en faisant ressortir les conséquences négatives du recours par les gestionnaires aux ajustements comptables, même lorsque cela sert les intérêts des actionnaires.

Suggested Citation

  • Max Hewitt & Frank D. Hodge & Jamie H. Pratt, 2020. "Do Shareholders Assess Managers' Use of Accruals to Manage Earnings as a Negative Signal of Trustworthiness Even When its Outcome Serves Shareholders' Interests?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2058-2086, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:37:y:2020:i:4:p:2058-2086
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12592
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    2. Gibson, Rajna & Sohn, Matthias & Tanner, Carmen & Wagner, Alexander F., 2021. "Earnings Management and Managerial Honesty: The Investors' Perspectives," LawFin Working Paper Series 7, Goethe University, Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law and Finance (LawFin).
    3. Fernando Comiran & Subprasiri Siriviriyakul, 2023. "Detecting overproduction: Evidence from inventory write‐down," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(3), pages 3351-3386, September.
    4. Ahsan Habib & Dinithi Ranasinghe & Julia Yonghua Wu & Pallab Kumar Biswas & Fawad Ahmad, 2022. "Real earnings management: A review of the international literature," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(4), pages 4279-4344, December.

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