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Investors' Misweighting of Firm‐Level Information and the Market's Expectations of Earnings

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  • Sami Keskek
  • James N. Myers
  • Linda A. Myers

Abstract

Prior studies use fundamental earnings forecasts to proxy for the market's expectations of earnings because analyst forecasts are biased and are available for only a subset of firms. We find that as a proxy for market expectations, fundamental forecasts contain systematic measurement errors analogous to those in analysts' biased forecasts. Therefore, these forecasts are not representative of investors' beliefs. The systematic measurement errors from using fundamental forecasts to proxy for market expectations occur because investors misweight the information in many firm‐level variables when estimating future earnings, but fundamental forecasts are formed using the historically efficient weights on firm‐level variables. Thus, we develop an alternative ex ante proxy for the market's expectations of future earnings (“the implied market forecast”) using the historical (and inefficient) weights, as reflected in stock returns, that the market places on firm‐level variables. A trading strategy based on the implied market forecast error, which is measured as the difference between the implied market forecast and the fundamental forecast, generates excess returns of approximately 9 percent per year. These returns cannot be explained by investors' reliance on analysts' biased forecasts. Overall, our results reveal that market expectations differ from both fundamental forecasts and analysts' forecasts. Erreurs des investisseurs dans la pondération de l'information relative à l'entreprise et attentes du marché à l'égard des résultats Dans de précédentes études, les chercheurs ont utilisé les prévisions de résultats fondamentales à titre de substitut aux attentes du marché à l'égard des résultats, les prévisions des analystes étant subjectives et ne portant que sur un sous‐ensemble de sociétés. Les auteurs constatent ici que les prévisions fondamentales, à titre de substitut aux attentes du marché, renferment des erreurs de mesure systématiques analogues à celles des prévisions subjectives des analystes. Ces prévisions ne sont donc pas représentatives des perceptions des investisseurs. Les erreurs de mesure systématiques découlant de l'usage des prévisions fondamentales à titre de substitut aux attentes du marché tiennent au fait que les investisseurs commettent des erreurs dans la pondération de l'information que livrent maintes variables relatives à l'entreprise (prise globalement) lorsqu'ils estiment les résultats futurs. Cependant, les prévisions fondamentales sont formées à l'aide de pondérations historiquement efficaces attribuées aux variables relatives à l'entreprise. Les auteurs élaborent donc une nouvelle variable ex ante substitut aux attentes du marché à l'égard des résultats futurs (la « prévision implicite du marché »), à l'aide des pondérations historiques (et inefficaces) — telles qu'elles se reflètent dans le rendement des actions — que le marché attribue aux variables relatives à l'entreprise. Une stratégie de négociation basée sur une erreur de prévision implicite du marché, mesurée selon l'écart entre la prévision implicite du marché et la prévision fondamentale, engendre des rendements excédentaires annuels d'environ 9 pour cent. Le choix des investisseurs de s'appuyer sur les prévisions subjectives des analystes n'explique pas ces rendements. Globalement, les résultats obtenus par les auteurs révèlent que les attentes du marché diffèrent tant des prévisions fondamentales que des prévisions des analystes.

Suggested Citation

  • Sami Keskek & James N. Myers & Linda A. Myers, 2020. "Investors' Misweighting of Firm‐Level Information and the Market's Expectations of Earnings," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(3), pages 1828-1853, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:37:y:2020:i:3:p:1828-1853
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12578
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