IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/accper/v19y2020i3p149-179.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Smoke and Mirrors? Disclosures in the Marijuana Industry in Canada

Author

Listed:
  • Claudine Mangen
  • Alexia Paduano
  • Bianca Paduano
  • Jessica Hadzurik
  • Juliano Leggio
  • Kayla Russo

Abstract

Licensed producers (LPs) of marijuana in Canada are embedded in a highly competitive industry where they raise funds from investors to finance their growth. They face substantial risks from the uncertain legal status of marijuana and from its unsettled health and safety consequences. We argue that this context stands to have implications for the disclosures of firms in the marijuana industry. We rely on a multicase study of three large Canadian LPs to explore their mandatory and voluntary disclosures during the third quarter of 2018. We find that their mandatory interim disclosures are largely consistent with disclosure rules that target marijuana operations. We also find that they make voluntary disclosures relevant for their context (e.g., about risks from legal, health, and safety consequences), and that there is variation in these disclosures. We use our findings as a springboard for discussing the antecedents of mandatory and voluntary disclosures in the marijuana industry (i.e., proprietary costs, investor interest, detection costs of selective disclosures), and their consequence (i.e., lack of comparability). We offer suggestions for future research. Un écran de fumée? Divulgation de l'information au sein de l'industrie de la marijuana au Canada Les producteurs autorisés (PA) de marijuana au Canada sont partie prenante d'un secteur d'activités fortement concurrentiel où ils doivent lever des capitaux auprès d'investisseurs pour financer leur croissance. Ils font face à des risques importants en raison du statut juridique incertain de la marijuana et de ses conséquences non déterminées sur la santé et la sécurité. Nous soutenons que ce contexte a des répercussions sur le plan de la divulgation d'information par les entreprises de l'industrie de la marijuana. Nous nous appuyons sur une étude multicas portant sur trois importants PA canadiens pour examiner leurs divulgations obligatoires et volontaires au cours du troisième trimestre de 2018. Nous établissons que leurs divulgations obligatoires provisoires sont en grande partie conformes aux règles de divulgation de l'information visant les activités de l'industrie de la marijuana. Nous montrons également qu'ils communiquent de l'information propre à leur contexte (p. ex., à propos des risques associés aux conséquences juridiques, sanitaires et sécuritaires), et que l'information divulguée varie. Nous nous appuyons sur nos observations pour discuter des antécédents en matière de divulgation d'information obligatoire et volontaire dans l'industrie de la marijuana (c.‐à‐d., coûts propres à ce secteur, intérêt des investisseurs, coûts de détection de la divulgation sélective) et de ses conséquences (c.‐à‐d., manque de comparabilité). Nous faisons aussi des suggestions pour les recherches à venir.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudine Mangen & Alexia Paduano & Bianca Paduano & Jessica Hadzurik & Juliano Leggio & Kayla Russo, 2020. "Smoke and Mirrors? Disclosures in the Marijuana Industry in Canada," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(3), pages 149-179, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:149-179
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12230
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3838.12230
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1911-3838.12230?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bernard, Darren, 2016. "Is the risk of product market predation a cost of disclosure?," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 305-325.
    2. Frankel, Richard & Jennings, Jared & Lee, Joshua, 2016. "Using unstructured and qualitative disclosures to explain accruals," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 209-227.
    3. Durnev, Art & Mangen, Claudine, 2020. "The spillover effects of MD&A disclosures for real investment: The role of industry competition," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1).
    4. Zhang, Yan & Zhou, Jian & Zhou, Nan, 2007. "Audit committee quality, auditor independence, and internal control weaknesses," Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(3), pages 300-327.
    5. Garen Markarian & Juan Santalo´, 2014. "Product Market Competition, Information and Earnings Management," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(5-6), pages 572-599, June.
    6. Dye, Ra, 1985. "Disclosure Of Nonproprietary Information," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(1), pages 123-145.
    7. Linsley, Philip M. & Shrives, Philip J., 2006. "Risk reporting: A study of risk disclosures in the annual reports of UK companies," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 387-404.
    8. Charles Elad, 2004. "Fair value accounting in the agricultural sector: some implications for international accounting harmonization," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(4), pages 621-641.
    9. Utpal Bhattacharya & Andreas Hackethal & Simon Kaesler & Benjamin Loos & Steffen Meyer, 2012. "Is Unbiased Financial Advice to Retail Investors Sufficient? Answers from a Large Field Study," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 25(4), pages 975-1032.
    10. Mark H. Lang & Russell J. Lundholm, 2000. "Voluntary Disclosure and Equity Offerings: Reducing Information Asymmetry or Hyping the Stock?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(4), pages 623-662, December.
    11. Bronson, Scott N. & Hogan, Chris E. & Johnson, Marilyn F. & Ramesh, K., 2011. "The unintended consequences of PCAOB auditing Standard Nos. 2 and 3 on the reliability of preliminary earnings releases," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1-2), pages 95-114, February.
    12. Stephan Hollander & Maarten Pronk & Erik Roelofsen, 2010. "Does Silence Speak? An Empirical Analysis of Disclosure Choices During Conference Calls," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(3), pages 531-563, June.
    13. Raith, Michael, 1996. "A General Model of Information Sharing in Oligopoly," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 260-288, October.
    14. van Rooij, Maarten & Lusardi, Annamaria & Alessie, Rob, 2011. "Financial literacy and stock market participation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(2), pages 449-472, August.
    15. Malmendier, Ulrike & Shanthikumar, Devin, 2007. "Are small investors naive about incentives?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(2), pages 457-489, August.
    16. Laurent E. Calvet & John Y. Campbell & Paolo Sodini, 2009. "Measuring the Financial Sophistication of Households," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(2), pages 393-398, May.
    17. Adrienna Huffman, 2018. "Asset use and the relevance of fair value measurement: evidence from IAS 41," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 1274-1314, December.
    18. Rajni Mala & Parmod Chand, 2015. "Judgment and Decision‐Making Research in Auditing and Accounting: Future Research Implications of Person, Task, and Environment Perspective," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 14(1), pages 1-50, March.
    19. Ronen, Joshua & Yaari, Varda (Lewinstein), 2002. "Incentives for voluntary disclosure," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 349-390, July.
    20. DeFond, Mark & Hu, Xuesong & Hung, Mingyi & Li, Siqi, 2011. "The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on foreign mutual fund ownership: The role of comparability," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(3), pages 240-258, April.
    21. Denis Cormier & Pascale Lapointe-Antunes & Bruce J. McConomy, 2014. "Forecasts in IPO Prospectuses: The Effect of Corporate Governance on Earnings Management," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(1-2), pages 100-127, January.
    22. Bronson, Scott N. & Hogan, Chris E. & Johnson, Marilyn F. & Ramesh, K., 2011. "The unintended consequences of PCAOB auditing Standard Nos. 2 and 3 on the reliability of preliminary earnings releases," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 95-114.
    23. Stefano Cascino & Mark Clatworthy & Beatriz García Osma & Joachim Gassen & Shahed Imam & Thomas Jeanjean, 2014. "Who Uses Financial Reports and for What Purpose? Evidence from Capital Providers," Accounting in Europe, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 185-209, December.
    24. Justin Y. Jin, 2014. "Investor Attention and Stock Mispricing," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(2), pages 123-147, June.
    25. Beyer, Anne & Cohen, Daniel A. & Lys, Thomas Z. & Walther, Beverly R., 2010. "The financial reporting environment: Review of the recent literature," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2-3), pages 296-343, December.
    26. Cairns, David & Massoudi, Dianne & Taplin, Ross & Tarca, Ann, 2011. "IFRS fair value measurement and accounting policy choice in the United Kingdom and Australia," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 1-21.
    27. Miihkinen, Antti, 2013. "The usefulness of firm risk disclosures under different firm riskiness, investor-interest, and market conditions: New evidence from Finland," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 312-331.
    28. Karthik Balakrishnan & Mary Brooke Billings & Bryan Kelly & Alexander Ljungqvist, 2014. "Shaping Liquidity: On the Causal Effects of Voluntary Disclosure," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(5), pages 2237-2278, October.
    29. Jean Bédard & Lucie Courteau, 2015. "Benefits and Costs of Auditor's Assurance: Evidence from the Review of Quarterly Financial Statements," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 308-335, March.
    30. Datta, Sudip & Iskandar-Datta, Mai & Singh, Vivek, 2013. "Product market power, industry structure, and corporate earnings management," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 3273-3285.
    31. Hun‐Tong Tan & Elaine Ying Wang & Bo Zhou, 2014. "When the Use of Positive Language Backfires: The Joint Effect of Tone, Readability, and Investor Sophistication on Earnings Judgments," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(1), pages 273-302, March.
    32. Dyer, Travis & Lang, Mark & Stice-Lawrence, Lorien, 2017. "The evolution of 10-K textual disclosure: Evidence from Latent Dirichlet Allocation," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(2), pages 221-245.
    33. Hong, Harrison & Kacperczyk, Marcin, 2009. "The price of sin: The effects of social norms on markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(1), pages 15-36, July.
    34. Abraham, Santhosh & Cox, Paul, 2007. "Analysing the determinants of narrative risk information in UK FTSE 100 annual reports," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 227-248.
    35. Blau, Benjamin M. & DeLisle, Jared R. & Price, S. McKay, 2015. "Do sophisticated investors interpret earnings conference call tone differently than investors at large? Evidence from short sales," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 203-219.
    36. Paula Hill & Helen Short, 2009. "Risk disclosures on the second tier markets of the London Stock Exchange," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 49(4), pages 753-780, December.
    37. Feng Gu & John Q. Li, 2007. "The Credibility of Voluntary Disclosure and Insider Stock Transactions," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(4), pages 771-810, September.
    38. Einhorn, Eti, 2007. "Voluntary disclosure under uncertainty about the reporting objective," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(2-3), pages 245-274, July.
    39. García Osma, Beatriz & Guillamón-Saorín, Encarna, 2011. "Corporate governance and impression management in annual results press releases," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 187-208.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nurul Jannah Mustafa Khan & Hasani Mohd Ali, 2023. "Regulations on Non-Financial Disclosure in Corporate Reporting: A Thematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-23, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Blankespoor, Elizabeth & deHaan, Ed & Marinovic, Iván, 2020. "Disclosure processing costs, investors’ information choice, and equity market outcomes: A review," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(2).
    2. Durnev, Art & Mangen, Claudine, 2020. "The spillover effects of MD&A disclosures for real investment: The role of industry competition," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1).
    3. Elsayed, Mohamed & Elshandidy, Tamer, 2021. "Internal control effectiveness, textual risk disclosure, and their usefulness: U.S. evidence," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    4. Ibrahim, Awad Elsayed Awad & Hussainey, Khaled & Nawaz, Tasawar & Ntim, Collins & Elamer, Ahmed, 2022. "A systematic literature review on risk disclosure research: State-of-the-art and future research agenda," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    5. Evgeny Petrov, 2020. "Voluntary Disclosure and Informed Trading," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2257-2286, December.
    6. Miihkinen, Antti, 2013. "The usefulness of firm risk disclosures under different firm riskiness, investor-interest, and market conditions: New evidence from Finland," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 312-331.
    7. Li, Ken, 2022. "Textual fundamentals in earnings press releases," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    8. Elshandidy, Tamer & Shrives, Philip J., 2016. "Environmental Incentives for and Usefulness of Textual Risk Reporting: Evidence from Germany," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 51(4), pages 464-486.
    9. KIM, Hyonok & YASUDA, Yukihiro & 安田, 行宏, 2016. "Mandatory adoption of business risk disclosure: evidence from Japanese firms," Working Paper Series G-1-14, Hitotsubashi University Center for Financial Research.
    10. Kim, Hyonok & Yasuda, Yukihiro, 2018. "Business risk disclosure and firm risk: Evidence from Japan," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 413-426.
    11. Richard Frankel & Jared Jennings & Joshua Lee, 2022. "Disclosure Sentiment: Machine Learning vs. Dictionary Methods," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(7), pages 5514-5532, July.
    12. Malik, Muhammad Farhan & Zaman, Mahbub & Buckby, Sherrena, 2020. "Enterprise risk management and firm performance: Role of the risk committee," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(1).
    13. Aobdia, Daniel & Cheng, Lin, 2018. "Unionization, product market competition, and strategic disclosure," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 331-357.
    14. Nadezda Gulko & Catriona Hyde & Nina Seppala, 2017. "Disclosure of corporate risks and governance before, during and after the global financial crisis: case study in the UK construction industry in 2006–2009," International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 14(3), pages 207-223, August.
    15. Tan, Youchao & Zeng, Cheng Colin & Elshandidy, Tamer, 2017. "Risk disclosures, international orientation, and share price informativeness: Evidence from China," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 81-102.
    16. Moumen, Néjia & Ben Othman, Hakim & Hussainey, Khaled, 2016. "Board structure and the informativeness of risk disclosure: Evidence from MENA emerging markets," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 82-97.
    17. Christian Leuz & Peter D. Wysocki, 2016. "The Economics of Disclosure and Financial Reporting Regulation: Evidence and Suggestions for Future Research," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(2), pages 525-622, May.
    18. Wenjing Li & Jeff Ng & Albert Tsang & Oktay Urcan, 2019. "Country-level institutions and management earnings forecasts," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 50(1), pages 48-82, February.
    19. Ibrahim, Awad Elsayed Awad & Hussainey, Khaled, 2019. "Developing the narrative risk disclosure measurement," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 126-144.
    20. E. Cheynel & M. Liu-Watts, 2020. "A simple structural estimator of disclosure costs," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 201-245, March.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:149-179. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1111/(ISSN)1911-3838 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.