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Earnings Quality: Evidence from Canadian Firms' Choice between IFRS and U.S. GAAP

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  • Brian M. Burnett
  • Elizabeth A. Gordon
  • Bjorn N. Jorgensen
  • Cheryl L. Linthicum

Abstract

For fiscal years starting on or after January 1, 2011, Canada abandoned Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), but permitted firms cross‐listed in the United States to adopt U.S. GAAP instead. We document that the number of Canadian firms reporting under U.S. GAAP increased after Canada adopted IFRS. We find that cross‐listed firms are more likely to choose IFRS, if IFRS is the standard most commonly used by the leading global firms in their industry. In addition, we find that firms more likely to choose IFRS are larger, of civil law legal origin, have less U.S. operations, report exploration expense, have fewer U.S. shareholders, and report higher stockholders' equity under Canadian GAAP than under U.S. GAAP. Of these, we find that the convergence benefits of comparability with industry peers are the most significant determinant in firms' choice of standard. Further, we are unable to document changes in earnings quality from cross‐listed firms adopting IFRS or U.S. GAAP or that earnings quality changed for firms adopting IFRS relative to firms adopting U.S. GAAP. Résumé Pour les exercices ouverts à compter du 1er janvier 2011, le Canada a délaissé les principes comptables généralement reconnus (PCGR) du Canada et adopté les Normes internationales d'information financière (IFRS), tout en permettant aux sociétés également cotées aux États‐Unis (intercotées) d'adopter plutôt les PCGR des États‐Unis. Selon les données recueillies par les auteurs, le nombre de sociétés canadiennes appliquant les PCGR des États‐Unis a augmenté après l'adoption des IFRS au Canada. Les auteurs constatent que les sociétés intercotées sont davantage susceptibles d'opter pour les IFRS si ces normes sont celles qu'utilisent le plus souvent les sociétés chefs de file de leur secteur d'activité à l'échelle internationale. Ils observent au surplus que les sociétés davantage susceptibles d'opter pour les IFRS sont des entreprises de plus grande envergure, créées sous le régime du droit civil, dont les activités aux États‐Unis sont moins importantes, et qui font état de charges d'exploration, comptent moins d'actionnaires aux États‐Unis et affichent des capitaux propres plus élevés selon les PCGR du Canada que selon les PCGR des États‐Unis. Les auteurs concluent de ces observations que les avantages de la convergence découlant de la comparabilité avec les sociétés homologues du secteur sont le principal déterminant du choix des sociétés en matière de normes. En outre, ils ne parviennent à relever ni changement dans la qualité des résultats entre les sociétés intercotées qui adoptent les IFRS ou les PCGR des États‐Unis, ni données qui permettraient d'établir que la qualité des résultats diffère selon que les sociétés adoptent les IFRS ou les PCGR des États‐Unis.

Suggested Citation

  • Brian M. Burnett & Elizabeth A. Gordon & Bjorn N. Jorgensen & Cheryl L. Linthicum, 2015. "Earnings Quality: Evidence from Canadian Firms' Choice between IFRS and U.S. GAAP," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 14(3), pages 212-249, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:14:y:2015:i:3:p:212-249
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12051
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    JEL classification:

    • M41 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Accounting - - - Accounting

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