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Unintended Consequences of Immigration Enforcement: Household Services and High†Educated Mothers’ Work

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  • Chloe N. East
  • Andrea Velásquez

Abstract

Immigration enforcement has intensified in the United States, but there is little evidence on its effect on U.S.†born individuals’ labor outcomes. Exploiting the staggered rollout of a large, federal enforcement policy—Secure Communities (SC)—across local areas, we estimate a difference-in-differences model with time and location fixed effects. We find that SC reduced the labor supply of college†educated U.S.†born mothers with young children. If SC exposure occurred when children are below age three, the negative effects on labor supply persist over time. We further show increased cost of outsourcing household production, due to reduced undocumented immigrants’ labor supply, is an important mechanism.

Suggested Citation

  • Chloe N. East & Andrea Velásquez, 2024. "Unintended Consequences of Immigration Enforcement: Household Services and High†Educated Mothers’ Work," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 59(5), pages 1458-1502.
  • Handle: RePEc:uwp:jhriss:v:59:y:2024:i:5:p:1458-1502
    Note: DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0920-11197R1
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • K37 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Immigration Law
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor

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