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Media-Reported Violence and Female Labor Supply

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  • Zahra Siddique

Abstract

This paper explores how safety concerns and cultural norms associated with female purity have an impact on female labor supply in urban India. I find that a 1 standard deviation increase in lagged media reports per 1,000 people of local sexual assaults reduces the probability that a woman is employed outside her home by 0.67 percentage points (or 5.5% of the sample average). I find that this is a short-lived effect and is significant despite controlling for the underlying level of violence against women reported to the police or after controlling for exogenous gender-specific labor demand shocks.

Suggested Citation

  • Zahra Siddique, 2022. "Media-Reported Violence and Female Labor Supply," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 70(4), pages 1337-1365.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:ecdecc:doi:10.1086/714009
    DOI: 10.1086/714009
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    Cited by:

    1. Rudolf, Robert & Wang, Shun & Wu, Fengyu, 2023. "The Arab Spring, a setback for gender equality? Evidence from the Gallup World Poll," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    2. Michele Battisti & Ilpo Kauppinen & Britta Rude, 2022. "Twitter and Crime: The Effect of Social Movements on GenderBased Violence," ifo Working Paper Series 381, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    3. Rajshri Jayaraman & Bisma Khan, 2023. "Does co-residence with parents-in-law reduce women's employment in India?," Working Papers tecipa-747, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
    4. Thushyanthan Baskaran & Sonia Bhalotra & Brian Min & Yogesh Uppal, 2024. "Women legislators and economic performance," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 29(2), pages 151-214, June.
    5. Daniel Halim & Michael B. O’Sullivan & Abhilasha Sahay, 2023. "Increasing Female Labor Force Participation," World Bank Publications - Reports 39435, The World Bank Group.
    6. Rajshri Jayaraman & Bisma Khan, 2023. "Does Co-Residence with Parents-In-Law Reduce Women’s Employment in India?," CESifo Working Paper Series 10238, CESifo.
    7. Estefan, Alejandro & Ordoñez, Romina, 2025. "The effects of extortion and security device adoption on entrepreneurial entry and exit: Evidence from Guatemala," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    8. Rajshri Jayaraman & Bisma Khan, 2023. "Does Co-Residence with Parents-In-Law Reduce Women’s Employment in India?," Working Papers 2023-004, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
    9. Alison Andrew & Andrea Smurra, 2024. "Seclusion and women's time: Descriptive evidence from India," IFS Working Papers W24/39, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    10. Sofia Amaral & Sonia Bhalotra & Nishith Prakash, 2019. "Gender, Crime and Punishment: Evidence from Women Police Stations in India," Boston University - Department of Economics - The Institute for Economic Development Working Papers Series dp-309, Boston University - Department of Economics.
    11. Sharma, Smriti & Sunder, Naveen, 2024. "Crime and Human Capital in India," IZA Discussion Papers 17037, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Battisti, Michele & Kauppinen, Ilpo & Rude, Britta, 2024. "Breaking the silence: The effects of online social movements on gender-based violence," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    13. Mishra, Ankita & Mishra, Vinod & Parasnis, Jaai, 2021. "The asymmetric role of crime in women's and men's labour force participation: Evidence from India," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 933-961.
    14. Gu, Xin & Li, Hao & Peng, Langchuan, 2022. "The anti-domestic violence law and women's welfare: Evidence from a natural experiment in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1-16.
    15. Sandhya Garg & Samarth Gupta & Sushanta Mallick, 2025. "Financial Access and Entrepreneurship by Gender: Evidence from Rural India," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(2), pages 729-754, February.

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