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Inequities in Long-Term Housing Recovery After Disasters

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  • Walter Gillis Peacock
  • Shannon Van Zandt
  • Yang Zhang
  • Wesley E. Highfield

Abstract

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Disaster impacts result from interactions between hazard exposure, physical vulnerability, and social vulnerability. We report empirical work from 1992′s Hurricane Andrew in Miami-Dade (FL) and 2008′s Hurricane Ike in Galveston (TX) to assess long-term trends in housing recovery. Longitudinal, parcel-level data on housing units along with neighborhood sociodemographic data permit analysis of the pace of recovery for different neighborhoods, populations, and housing types. Housing recovery is highly uneven for different population groups. Unsurprisingly, damage has major consequences; even after four years, the effects of damage are evident in the rebuilding process. Social vulnerability factors play differently in different settings. In Miami, income and race and ethnicity were critical determinants of higher losses and slower recovery rates, while in Galveston income was the more critical factor, with housing in lower-income areas suffering more damage and lagging significantly in the recovery process. Takeaway for practice: Effective land use policy and building codes can reduce physical vulnerability and ultimately damage, thus enhancing resilience for all. Differentials in impact and recovery trajectories suggest that assessment and the monitoring of recovery is critical to target resources to areas that are lagging. Perhaps most important is having an effective plan in place that addresses housing recovery issues to help reduce long-term consequences. Pre-event planning for housing and social change can help support community vision and overcome inequities.

Suggested Citation

  • Walter Gillis Peacock & Shannon Van Zandt & Yang Zhang & Wesley E. Highfield, 2014. "Inequities in Long-Term Housing Recovery After Disasters," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 80(4), pages 356-371, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:rjpaxx:v:80:y:2014:i:4:p:356-371
    DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2014.980440
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    1. Jeffrey M Wooldridge, 2010. "Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262232588, December.
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    2. Li, Ang & Toll, Mathew & Martino, Erika & Wiesel, Ilan & Botha, Ferdi & Bentley, Rebecca, 2023. "Vulnerability and recovery: Long-term mental and physical health trajectories following climate-related disasters," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    3. Carolyn Kousky & Helen Wiley & Len Shabman, 2021. "Can Parametric Microinsurance Improve the Financial Resilience of Low-Income Households in the United States?," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 301-327, October.
    4. Faxi Yuan & Amir Esmalian & Bora Oztekin & Ali Mostafavi, 2021. "Unveiling Spatial Patterns of Disaster Impacts and Recovery Using Credit Card Transaction Variances," Papers 2101.10090, arXiv.org.
    5. Sara Hamideh & Jane Rongerude, 2018. "Social vulnerability and participation in disaster recovery decisions: public housing in Galveston after Hurricane Ike," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 93(3), pages 1629-1648, September.
    6. Kijin Seong & Clare Losey & Shannon Van Zandt, 2021. "To Rebuild or Relocate? Long-Term Mobility Decisions of Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) Recipients," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-22, August.
    7. Qing Miao & Michael Abrigo & Yilin Hou & Yanjun (Penny) Liao, 2023. "Extreme Weather Events and Local Fiscal Responses: Evidence from U.S. Counties," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 93-115, March.
    8. Ying Wang & Yingqi Zhu & Qi Sui, 2017. "Ethnic Groups Differences in Domestic Recovery after the Catastrophe: A Case Study of the 2008 Magnitude 7.9 Earthquake in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, June.
    9. Alex Greer & Joseph E. Trainor, 2021. "A system disconnected: perspectives on post-disaster housing recovery policy and programs," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(1), pages 303-326, March.
    10. Sara Hamideh & Payel Sen & Erica Fischer, 2022. "Wildfire impacts on education and healthcare: Paradise, California, after the Camp Fire," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(1), pages 353-387, March.
    11. Natalie Coleman & Chenyue Liu & Yiqing Zhao & Ali Mostafavi, 2023. "Lifestyle pattern analysis unveils recovery trajectories of communities impacted by disasters," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, December.
    12. Diana Mitsova & Monica Escaleras & Alka Sapat & Ann-Margaret Esnard & Alberto J. Lamadrid, 2019. "The Effects of Infrastructure Service Disruptions and Socio-Economic Vulnerability on Hurricane Recovery," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, January.
    13. Yingqi Zhu & Ying Wang & Tianxue Liu & Qi Sui, 2018. "Assessing macroeconomic recovery after a natural hazard based on ARIMA—a case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 91(3), pages 1025-1038, April.
    14. Cristina E. Muñoz & Eric Tate, 2016. "Unequal Recovery? Federal Resource Distribution after a Midwest Flood Disaster," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, May.
    15. Annie Rosenthal & Eric Stover & Rohini J Haar, 2021. "Health and social impacts of California wildfires and the deficiencies in current recovery resources: An exploratory qualitative study of systems-level issues," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, March.
    16. Qingfang Wang & Wei Kang, 2023. "Small businesses and government assistance during COVID-19: Evidence from the paycheck protection program in the U.S," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 55(8), pages 2147-2165, November.
    17. Cheng-Chun Lee & Mikel Maron & Ali Mostafavi, 2022. "Community-scale big data reveals disparate impacts of the Texas winter storm of 2021 and its managed power outage," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
    18. Leah A. Dundon & Janey S. Camp, 2021. "Climate justice and home-buyout programs: renters as a forgotten population in managed retreat actions," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 11(3), pages 420-433, September.
    19. Haorui Wu, 2021. "When Housing and Communities Were Delivered: A Case Study of Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Rural Reconstruction and Recovery," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-18, July.
    20. Chad S. Boda & Murray W. Scown & Turaj Faran, 2022. "Forgotten coast, forgotten people: sustainable development and disproportionate impacts from Hurricane Michael in Gulf County, Florida," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(1), pages 877-899, March.
    21. Sahar Zavareh Hofmann, 2022. "Build Back Better and Long-Term Housing Recovery: Assessing Community Housing Resilience and the Role of Insurance Post Disaster," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-23, May.

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