IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/marpmg/v39y2012i2p169-187.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The hierarchical configuration of the container port industry: an application of multiple linkage analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Kevin Cullinane
  • Yuhong Wang

Abstract

This paper aims to provide a hierarchical configuration of the container port industry. It attempts to do so by determining a port hierarchy and then, utilising this, deriving the nature of the spatial interactions between sample ports in East Asia. The former is determined by assessing the relative importance of a port within the given network, and the latter is mainly based on the significance of network flow movements. Rather than focusing purely on the economic or topological meaning or significance of the available shipping capacity, this paper aims to determine port hierarchy by addressing the spatial profile of network flow data as a supplementary indicator. An approach based on graph theory—Multiple Linkage Analysis—is described and applied to examining the profile of capacity flow on each linkage within a sample network consisting of 39 major container ports on the main east--west routes. The value on a linkage is defined in terms of the available shipping capacity between pairs of ports within a given unit time. As the output from this analysis, all significant connections are separated out from the initial flow matrix. The position of a particular port within the network port hierarchy relies upon the number of significant flows connected to the port and the origins/destinations of those flows. The results reveal a strong correlation between the importance of a port as indicated by its position in the hierarchy and the number of significant connections into or out of it. A further clustering analysis, based on the above distinction, is performed for the hierarchical mapping of the container port industry in a selected area and to provide a better understanding of inter-port competition.

Suggested Citation

  • Kevin Cullinane & Yuhong Wang, 2012. "The hierarchical configuration of the container port industry: an application of multiple linkage analysis," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(2), pages 169-187, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:marpmg:v:39:y:2012:i:2:p:169-187
    DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2011.650719
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03088839.2011.650719
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1080/03088839.2011.650719?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. César Ducruet & Sung-Woo Lee & Adolf K.Y. Ng, 2010. "Centrality and vulnerability in liner shipping networks: revisiting the Northeast Asian port hierarchy," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(1), pages 17-36, January.
    2. Gordon Wilmsmeier & Jan Hoffmann, 2008. "Liner Shipping Connectivity and Port Infrastructure as Determinants of Freight Rates in the Caribbean," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 10(1-2), pages 130-151, March.
    3. Yuhong Wang & Kevin Cullinane, 2008. "Measuring Container Port Accessibility: An Application of the Principal Eigenvector Method (PEM)," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 10(1-2), pages 75-89, March.
    4. Khalid Bichou & Michael G H Bell, 2007. "Internationalisation and Consolidation of the Container Port Industry: Assessment of Channel Structure and Relationships," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 9(1), pages 35-51, March.
    5. Gutiérrez Puebla, Javier, 1987. "Spatial structures of network flows: A graph theoretical approach," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 489-502, December.
    6. Ross Robinson, 1998. "Asian hub/feeder nets: the dynamics of restructuring," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(1), pages 21-40, January.
    7. Kevin Cullinane & Yahui Teng & Teng-Fei Wang, 2005. "Port competition between Shanghai and Ningbo," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(4), pages 331-346, October.
    8. César Ducruet & Sung-Woo Lee & Adolf Ng, 2010. "Centrality and vulnerability in liner shipping networks : revisiting the Northeast Asian port hierarchy," Post-Print hal-03246966, HAL.
    9. Theo E Notteboom, 2009. "Complementarity and Substitutability among Adjacent Gateway Ports," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 41(3), pages 743-762, March.
    10. John D. Nystuen & Michael F. Dacey, 1961. "A Graph Theory Interpretation Of Nodal Regions," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(1), pages 29-42, January.
    11. Freeman, Linton C., 1982. "Centered graphs and the structure of ego networks," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 3(3), pages 291-304, October.
    12. Ducruet, César & Rozenblat, Céline & Zaidi, Faraz, 2010. "Ports in multi-level maritime networks: evidence from the Atlantic (1996–2006)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 508-518.
    13. Emmanouil Tranos, 2011. "The Topology and the Emerging Urban Geographies of the Internet Backbone and Aviation Networks in Europe: A Comparative Study," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 43(2), pages 378-392, February.
    14. Gillen, David, 2005. "The Evolution of Networks with Changes in Industry Structure and Strategy: Connectivity, Hub-and-Spoke and Alliances," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 49-73, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Naixia Mou & Caixia Liu & Lingxian Zhang & Xin Fu & Yichun Xie & Yong Li & Peng Peng, 2018. "Spatial Pattern and Regional Relevance Analysis of the Maritime Silk Road Shipping Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Zhang, Xu & Zhang, Wei & Lee, Paul Tae-Woo, 2020. "Importance rankings of nodes in the China Railway Express network under the Belt and Road Initiative," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 134-147.
    3. Nicanor García Álvarez & Belarmino Adenso-Díaz & Laura Calzada-Infante, 2021. "Maritime Traffic as a Complex Network: a Systematic Review," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 387-417, June.
    4. Nguyen Khoi Tran & Hans-Dietrich Haasis & Tobias Buer, 2017. "Container shipping route design incorporating the costs of shipping, inland/feeder transport, inventory and CO2 emission," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 19(4), pages 667-694, December.
    5. Moreira, Paulo Pires, 2012. "A Análise De Sines Como Ativo Geoestratégico Nacional: Um Cluster Suportado Nas Redes Marítimas Mundiais [The Analysis of Sines as a Geostrategic Asset: A Cluster Supported in the Maritime Chain]," MPRA Paper 47694, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 04 Oct 2012.
    6. Naima Saeed & Kevin Cullinane & Victor Gekara & Prem Chhetri, 2021. "Reconfiguring maritime networks due to the Belt and Road Initiative: impact on bilateral trade flows," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 23(3), pages 381-400, September.
    7. César Ducruet, 2020. "The geography of maritime networks: A critical review," Post-Print halshs-02922543, HAL.
    8. Moreira, Paulo Pires, 2013. "The port of Sines:contribution for the emergence of a regional cluster," MPRA Paper 47719, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Wang, Yuhong & Cullinane, Kevin, 2014. "Traffic consolidation in East Asian container ports: A network flow analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 152-163.
    10. Tocchi, Daniela & Sys, Christa & Papola, Andrea & Tinessa, Fiore & Simonelli, Fulvio & Marzano, Vittorio, 2022. "Hypergraph-based centrality metrics for maritime container service networks: A worldwide application," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    11. Nguyen Tran & Hans-Dietrich Haasis, 2014. "Empirical analysis of the container liner shipping network on the East-West corridor (1995–2011)," Netnomics, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 121-153, November.
    12. Ducruet, César, 2020. "The geography of maritime networks: A critical review," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    13. Tovar, Beatriz & Hernández, Rubén & Rodríguez-Déniz, Héctor, 2015. "Container port competitiveness and connectivity: The Canary Islands main ports case," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 40-51.
    14. Hong-Oanh Nguyen & Anthony Chin & Jose Tongzon & Mahinda Bandara, 2016. "Analysis of strategic pricing in the port sector: The network approach," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 18(3), pages 264-281, September.
    15. Wenming Shi & Kevin X. Li, 2017. "Themes and tools of maritime transport research during 2000-2014," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(2), pages 151-169, February.
    16. Wang, Yuhong & Cullinane, Kevin, 2016. "Determinants of port centrality in maritime container transportation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 326-340.
    17. Talley, Wayne K., 2014. "Maritime transport chains: carrier, port and shipper choice effects," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 174-179.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. César Ducruet, 2020. "The geography of maritime networks: A critical review," Post-Print halshs-02922543, HAL.
    2. Ducruet, César, 2020. "The geography of maritime networks: A critical review," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    3. Ducruet, César & Rozenblat, Céline & Zaidi, Faraz, 2010. "Ports in multi-level maritime networks: evidence from the Atlantic (1996–2006)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 508-518.
    4. Nguyen Tran & Hans-Dietrich Haasis, 2014. "Empirical analysis of the container liner shipping network on the East-West corridor (1995–2011)," Netnomics, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 121-153, November.
    5. Xu, Mengqiao & Li, Zhenfu & Shi, Yanlei & Zhang, Xiaoling & Jiang, Shufei, 2015. "Evolution of regional inequality in the global shipping network," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 1-12.
    6. Tocchi, Daniela & Sys, Christa & Papola, Andrea & Tinessa, Fiore & Simonelli, Fulvio & Marzano, Vittorio, 2022. "Hypergraph-based centrality metrics for maritime container service networks: A worldwide application," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    7. González Laxe, Fernando & Jesus Freire Seoane, Maria & Pais Montes, Carlos, 2012. "Maritime degree, centrality and vulnerability: port hierarchies and emerging areas in containerized transport (2008–2010)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 33-44.
    8. Achilleas Tsantis & John Mangan & Agustina Calatayud & Roberto Palacin, 2023. "Container shipping: a systematic literature review of themes and factors that influence the establishment of direct connections between countries," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 25(4), pages 667-697, December.
    9. Cheung, Kam-Fung & Bell, Michael G.H. & Pan, Jing-Jing & Perera, Supun, 2020. "An eigenvector centrality analysis of world container shipping network connectivity," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    10. Pisit Jarumaneeroj & Amar Ramudhin & Jorge Barnett Lawton, 2023. "A connectivity-based approach to evaluating port importance in the global container shipping network," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 25(3), pages 602-622, September.
    11. Tovar, Beatriz & Hernández, Rubén & Rodríguez-Déniz, Héctor, 2015. "Container port competitiveness and connectivity: The Canary Islands main ports case," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 40-51.
    12. Zhao, Qianyu & Xu, Hang & Wall, Ronald S & Stavropoulos, Spyridon, 2017. "Building a bridge between port and city: Improving the urban competitiveness of port cities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 120-133.
    13. Chengjin Wang & César Ducruet, 2012. "New port development and global city making: Emergence of the Shanghai-Yangshan multilayered gateway hub," Post-Print halshs-00717879, HAL.
    14. Dai, Liang & Derudder, Ben & Liu, Xingjian, 2018. "Transport network backbone extraction: A comparison of techniques," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 271-281.
    15. Viljoen, Nadia M. & Joubert, Johan W., 2016. "The vulnerability of the global container shipping network to targeted link disruption," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 462(C), pages 396-409.
    16. Wang, Yuhong & Cullinane, Kevin, 2014. "Traffic consolidation in East Asian container ports: A network flow analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 152-163.
    17. Zhang, Qiang & Pu, Shunhao & Luo, Lihua & Liu, Zhichao & Xu, Jie, 2022. "Revisiting important ports in container shipping networks: A structural hole-based approach," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 239-248.
    18. Freire Seoane, Maria Jesus & González Laxe, Fernando & Pais Montes, Carlos, 2013. "Foreland determination for containership and general cargo ports in Europe (2007–2011)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 56-67.
    19. Wang, Yuhong & Cullinane, Kevin, 2016. "Determinants of port centrality in maritime container transportation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 326-340.
    20. Wang, Chengjin & Ducruet, César, 2012. "New port development and global city making: emergence of the Shanghai–Yangshan multilayered gateway hub," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 58-69.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:taf:marpmg:v:39:y:2012:i:2:p:169-187. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Longhurst (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.tandfonline.com/TMPM20 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.