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Appraiser behaviour and appraisal smoothing: some qualitative and quantitative evidence

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  • Pat McAllister
  • Andrew Baum
  • Neil Crosby
  • Paul Gallimore
  • Adelaide Gray

Abstract

There is a substantial literature which suggests that appraisals are smoothed and lag the true level of prices. This study combines a qualitative interview survey of the leading fund manager/owners in the UK and their appraisers with a empirical study of the number of appraisals which change each month within the IPD Monthly Index. The paper concentrates on how the appraisal process operates for commercial property performance measurement purposes. The survey interviews suggest that periodic appraisal services are consolidating in fewer firms and, within these major firms, appraisers adopt different approaches to changing appraisals on a period by period basis, with some wanting hard transaction evidence while others act on "softer' signals. The survey also indicates a seasonal effect with greater effort and information being applied to annual and quarterly appraisals than monthly. The analysis of the appraisals within the Investment Property Databank Monthly Index confirms this effect with around 5% more appraisals being moved at each quarter day than the other months. January and August have significantly less appraisal changes than other months.

Suggested Citation

  • Pat McAllister & Andrew Baum & Neil Crosby & Paul Gallimore & Adelaide Gray, 2003. "Appraiser behaviour and appraisal smoothing: some qualitative and quantitative evidence," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(3), pages 261-280, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jpropr:v:20:y:2003:i:3:p:261-280
    DOI: 10.1080/0959991032000162347
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. G.S Morgan & Peter N. Smith & S.H. Thomas, "undated". "Portfolio return autocorrelation and non-synchronous trading in UK equities," Discussion Papers 00/46, Department of Economics, University of York.
    2. Bryan D. Macgregor & Gregory M. Schwann, 2000. "Temporal And Spatial Variations In Market Liquidity, Appraisal Smoothing And Price Discovery In Private And Public Real Estate Markets," ERES eres2000_076, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
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    Cited by:

    1. John Knight & Colin Lizieri & Stephen Satchell, 2005. "Diversification When It Hurts? The Joint Distributions of Real Estate and Equity Markets," Real Estate & Planning Working Papers rep-wp2005-16, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    2. Neil Crosby & Steven Devaney & Colin Lizieri & Patrick McAllister, 2018. "Can Institutional Investors Bias Real Estate Portfolio Appraisals? Evidence from the Market Downturn," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 147(3), pages 651-667, February.
    3. Haß, Lars Helge & Johanning, Lutz & Rudolph, Bernd & Schweizer, Denis, 2012. "Open-ended property funds: Risk and return profile — Diversification benefits and liquidity risks," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 90-107.
    4. Alm, James & Leguizamon, J. Sebastian, 2018. "The housing crisis, foreclosures, and local tax revenues," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 300-311.
    5. John Knight & Colin Lizieri & Stephen Satchell, 2005. "Diversification when It Hurts? The Joint Distributions of Real Estate and Equity Markets1," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(4), pages 309-323, December.
    6. Denis Schweizer & Lars Haß & Lutz Johanning & Bernd Rudolph, 2013. "Do Alternative Real Estate Investment Vehicles Add Value to REITs? Evidence from German Open-ended Property Funds," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 65-82, July.
    7. Robert Edelstein & Daniel Quan, 2006. "How Does Appraisal Smoothing Bias Real Estate Returns Measurement?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 41-60, February.
    8. Hsueh-Fei Liao & Nan-Yu Chu & Chien-Wen Peng, 2018. "Awareness of Independence of Real Estate Appraisers: An Empirical Analysis," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 21(3), pages 295-316.
    9. Alm, James & Buschman, Robert D. & Sjoquist, David L., 2014. "Foreclosures and local government revenues from the property tax: The case of Georgia school districts," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 1-11.
    10. Alm, James & Buschman, Robert D. & Sjoquist, David L., 2011. "Rethinking local government reliance on the property tax," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(4), pages 320-331, July.
    11. Neil Crosby, 2007. "German Open Ended Funds: Was there a Valuation Problem?," Real Estate & Planning Working Papers rep-wp2007-05, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    12. Irene Cheloti & Manya Mooya, 2021. "Valuation Problems in Developing Countries: A New Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-20, December.
    13. James Alm & Robert D. Buschman & David L. Sjoquist, 2013. "How did foreclosures affect property values in Georgia School Districts?," Working Papers 1308, Tulane University, Department of Economics.

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