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Development of a Modified SMA Based MSCS-CN Model for Runoff Estimation

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  • P. Singh
  • S. Mishra
  • R. Berndtsson
  • M. Jain
  • R. Pandey

Abstract

The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method developed by the USDA-Soil Conservation Service (SCS, 1972) is widely used for the estimation of direct runoff for a given rainfall event from small agricultural watersheds. The initial soil moisture plays an important role in re-structuring of the SCS-CN method and enables us to prevent unreasonable sudden jump in runoff estimation and this has prompted the concept of soil moisture accounting (SMA) procedure to develop improved SCS-CN based models. Applying the concept of SMA procedure and changed parameterization, Michel et al. Water Resour Res 41(2):1–6 (2005) developed an improved SCS-CN model (MSCS-CN), which could be thought of an improvement over the existing SCS-CN method; however, their model still inherits several conceptual limitations and inconsistencies. Therefore, in this study an attempt is made to propose an improved SMA based SCS-CN-inspired model (MMSCS-CN) model incorporating a continuous function for initial soil moisture and test its suitability over the MSCS-CN and SCS-CN model using a large dataset from US watersheds. Using, Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of these models, the overall performance is further evaluated using rank grading system, and it is found that the MMSCS-CN scores highest mark (95; overall rank I) followed by MSCS-CN with 61 (overall rank II), and SCS-CN model with 51 mark (overall rank III) out of the maximum 105. This study shows that the proposed MMSCS-CN model has several advantages and performs better than the MSCS-CN and the existing SCS-CN model. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Suggested Citation

  • P. Singh & S. Mishra & R. Berndtsson & M. Jain & R. Pandey, 2015. "Development of a Modified SMA Based MSCS-CN Model for Runoff Estimation," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(11), pages 4111-4127, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:29:y:2015:i:11:p:4111-4127
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-015-1048-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. P. Singh & B. Yaduvanshi & Swati Patel & Saswati Ray, 2013. "SCS-CN Based Quantification of Potential of Rooftop Catchments and Computation of ASRC for Rainwater Harvesting," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(7), pages 2001-2012, May.
    2. Pradeep Bhunya & S. Jain & P. Singh & S. Mishra, 2010. "A Simple Conceptual Model of Sediment Yield," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(8), pages 1697-1716, June.
    3. Muhammad Ajmal & Muhammad Waseem & Jae-Hyun Ahn & Tae-Woong Kim, 2015. "Improved Runoff Estimation Using Event-Based Rainfall-Runoff Models," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(6), pages 1995-2010, April.
    4. Ajaykumar Kadam & Sanjay Kale & Nagesh Pande & N. Pawar & R. Sankhua, 2012. "Identifying Potential Rainwater Harvesting Sites of a Semi-arid, Basaltic Region of Western India, Using SCS-CN Method," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(9), pages 2537-2554, July.
    5. Konstantinos Soulis & John Valiantzas, 2013. "Identification of the SCS-CN Parameter Spatial Distribution Using Rainfall-Runoff Data in Heterogeneous Watersheds," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(6), pages 1737-1749, April.
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    1. E. M Andrade & J. R Araújo Neto & M. J. S Guerreiro & J. C. N Santos & H. A. Q Palácio, 2017. "Land Use Effect on the CN Model Parameters in a Tropical Dry Environment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(13), pages 4103-4116, October.
    2. Akinchan Singhai & Sandipan Das & Ajaykumar K. Kadam & J. P. Shukla & D. S. Bundela & Mahesh Kalashetty, 2019. "GIS-based multi-criteria approach for identification of rainwater harvesting zones in upper Betwa sub-basin of Madhya Pradesh, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 777-797, April.
    3. Sushindra Kumar Gupta & Jaivir Tyagi & Gunwant Sharma & A. S. Jethoo & P. K. Singh, 2019. "An Event-Based Sediment Yield and Runoff Modeling Using Soil Moisture Balance/Budgeting (SMB) Method," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(11), pages 3721-3741, September.
    4. Ravindra Kumar Verma & Sangeeta Verma & Surendra Kumar Mishra & Ashish Pandey, 2021. "SCS-CN-Based Improved Models for Direct Surface Runoff Estimation from Large Rainfall Events," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(7), pages 2149-2175, May.
    5. Sumar Farooq & Khalid Mahmood & Fiza Faizi, 2022. "Comparative Simulation of GIS-Based Rainwater Management Solutions," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(9), pages 3049-3065, July.
    6. Dariusz Młyński & Andrzej Wałęga, 2020. "Identification of the Relationship between Rainfall and the CN Parameter in Western Carpathian Mountain Catchments in Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-17, November.
    7. Wenhai Shi & Mingbin Huang & Kate Gongadze & Lianhai Wu, 2017. "A Modified SCS-CN Method Incorporating Storm Duration and Antecedent Soil Moisture Estimation for Runoff Prediction," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(5), pages 1713-1727, March.
    8. Khurshid Jahan & Soni M. Pradhanang & Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan, 2021. "Surface Runoff Responses to Suburban Growth: An Integration of Remote Sensing, GIS, and Curve Number," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-18, April.

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