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Remote Sensing and Hydrological Measurements for Irrigation Performance Assessments in a Water User Association in the Lower Amu Darya River Basin

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  • Usman Awan
  • Bernhard Tischbein
  • Christopher Conrad
  • Christopher Martius
  • Mohsin Hafeez

Abstract

Irrigation water management in Central Asia is notorious for its inefficiency. We assessed the operational performance of the irrigation scheme in one Water Users Association (WUA), Shomakhulum, in Khorezm district, Uzbekistan, in 2007 to provide recommendations for strategic water management planning. Relative evapotranspiration (RET), delivery performance ratio (DPR), drainage ratio (DR), depleted fraction (DF), overall consumed ratio (OCR), field application ratio (FAR) and conveyance ratio (CR) were used as performance indicators. The components of the water balance were obtained through remote sensing techniques and hydrological field measurements. The surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) was applied to MODIS satellite data to derive actual and potential evapotranspiration. Inflows and outflows were quantified with field measurements in the irrigation and drainage network using discharge rating curves. Ponding experiments allowed determining canal seepage losses. Water balances at field level were established for application efficiency estimations. The indicator values were then compared to efficiency target values taken from the literature in order to assess the operational capabilities of the irrigation scheme. The general performance of the irrigation scheme is very poor. DPRs exceeding 1.0 indicate that more water is delivered to the system than is demanded. The seasonal DF of 0.4 is lower than the target value of 0.6. Losses during the field application averaged at 57%, which is 24% above target values. Seasonal DR, OCR, CR and RET are 0.55, 0.51, 0.76 and 0.82 against the target values of 0.1, 0.54, 0.84 and 0.75, respectively. We conclude that the distribution mechanism can be considerably improved. Besides improving water distribution (timing and equity) in the network, another recommended intervention would be to increase the DF, particularly by interventions at field level that raise the FAR, which in turn will improve DR and OCR. This can be achieved by introducing modern water management approaches such as laser leveling, double-sided irrigation, and control of inflow through flow-measuring devices installed at farm gates, and adequate water pricing. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Suggested Citation

  • Usman Awan & Bernhard Tischbein & Christopher Conrad & Christopher Martius & Mohsin Hafeez, 2011. "Remote Sensing and Hydrological Measurements for Irrigation Performance Assessments in a Water User Association in the Lower Amu Darya River Basin," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(10), pages 2467-2485, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:25:y:2011:i:10:p:2467-2485
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-011-9821-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Mobin-ud Ahmad & Mac Kirby & Mohammad Islam & Md. Hossain & Md. Islam, 2014. "Groundwater Use for Irrigation and its Productivity: Status and Opportunities for Crop Intensification for Food Security in Bangladesh," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(5), pages 1415-1429, March.
    3. Gafurov, Zafar & Eltazarov, S. & Akramov, Bekzod & Yuldashev, Tulkun & Djumaboev, Kakhramon & Anarbekov, Oyture, 2018. "Modifying Hargreaves-Samani equation for estimating reference evapotranspiration in dryland regions of Amudarya River Basin," Papers published in Journals (Open Access), International Water Management Institute, pages 9(10):1354-.
    4. Rocío Poveda-Bautista & Bernat Roig-Merino & Herminia Puerto & Juan Buitrago-Vera, 2021. "Assessment of Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Citrus Orchards Using AHP," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-14, May.
    5. Mekonnen, Yilkal Gebeyehu & Alamirew, Tena & Tadesse, Kassahun Birhanu & Chukalla, Abebe Demissie, 2024. "Monitoring small-scale irrigation performance using remote sensing in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    6. Christopher White & Trevor Tanton & David Rycroft, 2014. "The Impact of Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Amu Darya Basin in Central Asia," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(15), pages 5267-5281, December.
    7. Muhammad Usman & Talha Mahmood & Christopher Conrad & Habib Ullah Bodla, 2020. "Remote Sensing and Modelling Based Framework for Valuing Irrigation System Efficiency and Steering Indicators of Consumptive Water Use in an Irrigated Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-33, November.
    8. Djanibekov, Utkur & Djanibekov, Nodir & Khamzina, Asia, 2012. "CDM afforestation for managing water, energy and rural income nexus in irrigated drylands," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126765, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    9. Ibrakhimov, Mirzakhayot & Awan, Usman Khalid & George, Biju & Liaqat, Umar Waqas, 2018. "Understanding surface water–groundwater interactions for managing large irrigation schemes in the multi-country Fergana valley, Central Asia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 99-106.
    10. C. Santos & I. Lorite & R. Allen & M. Tasumi, 2012. "Aerodynamic Parameterization of the Satellite-Based Energy Balance (METRIC) Model for ET Estimation in Rainfed Olive Orchards of Andalusia, Spain," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(11), pages 3267-3283, September.

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