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The inventive activities and collaboration pattern of university–industry–government in China based on patent analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Xiao-Ping Lei

    (Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China)

  • Zhi-Yun Zhao

    (Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China)

  • Xu Zhang

    (Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China)

  • Dar-Zen Chen

    (National Taiwan University)

  • Mu-Hsuan Huang

    (National Taiwan University)

  • Yun-Hua Zhao

    (Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China)

Abstract

China’s economy and technology have experienced spectacular growth since the Opening-up Policy adopted in 1978. In order to explore the innovation process and development of China, this study examines the inventive activities and the collaboration pattern of university, industry and government (UIG) in China. This study analyzes the Chinese patent data retrieved from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Three models of UIG relations which represent different triple helix configurations are introduced. According to the property of patent assignee, patent ownership can be divided into three types: individuals, enterprises, and universities and research institutes. Furthermore, enterprises can be classified into state-owned enterprise (SOE), private-owned enterprise (POE) and foreign enterprise (FE). The corresponding relationship of patent ownership with UIG is set up. Through analyzing the issued year, it is found that the inventive activities of China have experienced three developmental phases and have been promoted quickly in recent years. The achievement of innovation activities in China primarily falls on the enterprise, especially FEs and POEs. The innovation strengths of the three development phases have shifted from government to university and research institute and then industry. According to co-patent analysis, it is found that the collaboration between university and industry is the strongest and has been intensified in recent years, but other forms of collaboration among UIG have been weak. In addition, an innovation relation model of China was set up. The evolution process of innovation systems was explored, from etatistic model, followed by improved “laissez-faire” model, and then shifting toward triple helix model.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiao-Ping Lei & Zhi-Yun Zhao & Xu Zhang & Dar-Zen Chen & Mu-Hsuan Huang & Yun-Hua Zhao, 2012. "The inventive activities and collaboration pattern of university–industry–government in China based on patent analysis," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 90(1), pages 231-251, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:scient:v:90:y:2012:i:1:d:10.1007_s11192-011-0510-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s11192-011-0510-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Fiaz, Muhammad, 2013. "An empirical study of university–industry R&D collaboration in China: Implications for technology in society," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 191-202.
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    10. Tao Zhuang & Zhixia Zhou & Qingjun Li, 2021. "University‐industry‐government triple helix relationship and regional innovation efficiency in China," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(1), pages 349-370, March.
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    14. Hong-Wen Tsai & Hui-Chung Che, 2023. "Industry Difference on Patent Drawing’s Capability for Differentiating Stock Rates of Return of Chinese Listed Companies in Non-Manufacturing Industry Sectors -- An Explore into Invention Publication ," Bulletin of Applied Economics, Risk Market Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 21-67.
    15. Zhang, Wei & Zhang, Xinxin & Wu, Guangdong, 2021. "The network governance of urban renewal: A comparative analysis of two cities in China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    16. Wu, Jinxi & Ye, Ran (Michelle) & Ding, Ling & Lu, Chao & Euwema, Martin, 2018. "From “transplant with the soil” toward the establishment of the innovation ecosystem: A case study of a leading high-tech company in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 222-234.
    17. Shu-Hao Chang, 2022. "Examining Key Technologies Among Academic Patents Through an Analysis of Standard-Essential Patents," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(3), pages 21582440221, July.
    18. Igors Skute & Kasia Zalewska-Kurek & Isabella Hatak & Petra Weerd-Nederhof, 2019. "Mapping the field: a bibliometric analysis of the literature on university–industry collaborations," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 916-947, June.
    19. Pieter Stek & Marina Geenhuizen, 2015. "Measuring the dynamics of an innovation system using patent data: a case study of South Korea, 2001–2010," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 1325-1343, July.
    20. Yuandi Wang & Jiashun Huang & Yantai Chen & Xiongfeng Pan & Jin Chen, 2013. "Have Chinese universities embraced their third mission? New insight from a business perspective," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 97(2), pages 207-222, November.
    21. Xin Wang, 2023. "Research on the Coupling Coordination Degree of Triple Helix of Government Guidance, Industrial Innovation and Scientific Research Systems: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.
    22. Jungwon Yoon, 2015. "The evolution of South Korea’s innovation system: moving towards the triple helix model?," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 104(1), pages 265-293, July.
    23. Mu-Hsuan Huang & Hsiao-Wen Yang & Dar-Zen Chen, 2015. "Industry–academia collaboration in fuel cells: a perspective from paper and patent analysis," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 105(2), pages 1301-1318, November.
    24. Liping Fu & Xiaodi Jiang, 2019. "Does the Multiple-Participant Innovation Improve Regional Innovation Efficiency? A Study of China’s Regional Innovation Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-16, August.
    25. Yi Zhang & Kaihua Chen & Guilong Zhu & Richard C. M. Yam & Jiancheng Guan, 2016. "Inter-organizational scientific collaborations and policy effects: an ego-network evolutionary perspective of the Chinese Academy of Sciences," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 108(3), pages 1383-1415, September.

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