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Appraisal of climate change and source of heavy metals, sediments in water of the Kunhar River watershed, Pakistan

Author

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  • Shan-e-hyder Soomro

    (China Three Gorges University
    Zhengzhou University)

  • Xiaotao Shi

    (China Three Gorges University)

  • Jiali Guo

    (China Three Gorges University)

  • Caihong Hu

    (Zhengzhou University)

  • Haider M. Zwain

    (Al-Qasim Green University)

  • Chengshuai Liu

    (Zhengzhou University)

  • Muhammad Zeb Khan

    (University of Swat)

  • Chaojie Niu

    (Zhengzhou University)

  • Chenchen Zhao

    (Zhengzhou University)

  • Zubair Ahmed

    (Dawood University of Engineering and Technology)

Abstract

The amount of heavy metals (HMs) in sediment is regarded as a global crisis, with a large share in developing countries like Pakistan. Water and sediment samples were collected from ten locations of the Kunhar River basin, Pakistan. Eleven HMs such as (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Na, Se, Pb, and Zn) in water and sediments were investigated from Kunhar River basin. According to the results, the Kunhar River’s water quality is excellent, except for a slightly higher BOD value that can be minimized by preventing the dumping of human-oriented trash around the river or stream. Concentrations of metals in water have the trend of decreasing in water and sediments, indicating that the accumulation of metals in the sediment can affect the water chemistry of aquatic systems due to any physical or chemical process in the system. River ecosystems already have suffered from impacts of climate change, and these impacts are only expected to worsen. Predictors of climatic variability effects on water quality and quantity may benefit from our research, greater consideration should be given to the variety of metals in relationship to climate variation in order to get a clearer perspective about how much risk aquatic life will be faced by such metals.

Suggested Citation

  • Shan-e-hyder Soomro & Xiaotao Shi & Jiali Guo & Caihong Hu & Haider M. Zwain & Chengshuai Liu & Muhammad Zeb Khan & Chaojie Niu & Chenchen Zhao & Zubair Ahmed, 2023. "Appraisal of climate change and source of heavy metals, sediments in water of the Kunhar River watershed, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 116(2), pages 2191-2209, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:116:y:2023:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-022-05760-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05760-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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