Local communities’ knowledge and perceptions of environmental and social impacts of gold cyanidation in Siaya County, Kenya

Recent proliferation of gold cyanidation activities in Siaya County, Kenya, has sparked concerns over its environmental and health impacts, exacerbated by the proximity of the gold leaching plants to human settlements. This study assesses local communities knowledge and perceptions of these impacts, emphasizing public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) processes. Conducted in four villages hosting cyanidation operations, the research employed structured interviews with 15 gold leaching plant operators, and household surveys with 290 households, and revealed low awareness among households regarding cyanide usage and limited knowledge of its environmental and health impacts. Significant concerns were expressed over water pollution and domestic animal deaths. Gender disparities in awareness were noted, with women demonstrating higher awareness levels. Respondents largely disagreed with the proximity of cyanidation plants to homesteads. Recommendations include enhanced community education, strengthened regulatory frameworks, and increased public participation to mitigate risks and foster sustainable mining practices. These findings contribute to environmental policy by advocating for inclusive approaches that empower communities and ensure informed decision-making in mining operations. Future research should therefore extend beyond Siaya County to address regional variations and inform targeted policy interventions.