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Psychological Interventions for Well-Being in Healthy Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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  • Suguru Iwano

    (Oita University)

  • Kohei Kambara

    (Oita University)

  • Shuntaro Aoki

    (Oita University)

Abstract

Aging societies are a global problem, necessitating the promotion of well-being in healthy older adults. However, the evidence regarding psychological interventions in this population is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis to clarify the effects of psychological interventions on the well-being of healthy older adults. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, PsycINFO, and CiNii. Included studies were randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions designed to improve psychological well-being in healthy older adults. The search yielded 1,047 articles, out of which five qualitative and four quantitative studies were selected. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model. We found a large effect size (Hedges’ g = 0.87) and heterogeneity among the studies ( I2 = 94.4%, τ2 = 0.556, p = 0.00). Most studies were evaluated as being of a low quality. There were five types of interventions: an isolation prevention program, outdoor activities, art therapy through participating in theater workshops, animal-assisted activity, and an encounter group. The results indicated that healthy older adults’ psychological well-being can be promoted through interventions. The evaluated studies had no theoretical commonality; however, all research involved interaction with other people or animals. Thus, we recommend increased interaction with people or animals to promote well-being in older adults. Heterogeneity is a limitation of the study, and there is a need for more high-quality studies on well-being in healthy older adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Suguru Iwano & Kohei Kambara & Shuntaro Aoki, 2022. "Psychological Interventions for Well-Being in Healthy Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 2389-2403, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:23:y:2022:i:5:d:10.1007_s10902-022-00497-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00497-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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