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11-M Victims 3 Years After Madrid Terrorist Attacks: Looking for Health Beyond Trauma

Author

Listed:
  • Darío Díaz

    (Universidad de Castilla la Mancha)

  • Maria Stavraki

    (Universidad de Castilla la Mancha)

  • Amalio Blanco

    (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)

  • Miriam Bajo

    (Universidad de Castilla la Mancha)

Abstract

Although there is a growing body of evidence that health is the presence of well-being and not just the absence of a disease, research related to victims of terrorists attacks is mostly focused on the presence/absence of pathology (e.g. PTSD). The present study aims to apply the Complete State Model of Health to evaluate the mental health status of 69 direct victims of 11-M terrorist attack three years after the event. The results of Horn’s Parallel Analysis and CFA confirmed that the measures of positive mental health (well-being indicators) and illness (PTSD) loaded on separate but correlated factors. This is to say, the absence of PTSD in our sample was not equivalent to the presence of health. However, although positive health and illness indicators should be considered as two different factors, they were closely related. In fact, three well-being indicators were strongly associated with PTSD: positive affect, self-acceptance and positive relations. These findings suggest the need to work to ensure victims’ positive health.

Suggested Citation

  • Darío Díaz & Maria Stavraki & Amalio Blanco & Miriam Bajo, 2018. "11-M Victims 3 Years After Madrid Terrorist Attacks: Looking for Health Beyond Trauma," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 663-675, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:19:y:2018:i:3:d:10.1007_s10902-016-9842-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-016-9842-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dirk Dierendonck & Dario Díaz & Raquel Rodríguez-Carvajal & Amalio Blanco & Bernardo Moreno-Jiménez, 2008. "Ryff’s Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, A Spanish Exploration," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 87(3), pages 473-479, July.
    2. Bracken, Patrick J. & Giller, Joan E. & Summerfield, Derek, 1995. "Psychological responses to war and atrocity: The limitations of current concepts," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 40(8), pages 1073-1082, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Miriam Bajo & Maria Stavraki & Amalio Blanco & Darío Díaz, 2021. "Direct versus Indirect Well-Being Measures: Using Partially Structured Stimuli to Evaluate Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 2575-2598, August.
    2. Valeria Micheletto & Margherita Zito & Massimo Bustreo & Giorgio Gabrielli & Riccardo Circi & Vincenzo Russo, 2022. "The Impact of Optimism and Internal Locus of Control on Workers’ Well-Being, A Multi-Group Model Analysis before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, November.

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