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Direct and indirect emissions: a bi-objective model for hybrid vehicle routing problem

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  • Reza Eslamipoor

    (De Montfort University)

Abstract

This research proposes a mathematical model for the vehicle routing problem (VRP), which involves pickup and delivery of cargos to different depots. Vehicle capacity and energy consumption that varies with load are both contributing factors. The mathematical model seeks to simultaneously reduce costs and waiting time for customers. Multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (MPSO) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) are proposed as methods to solve the model. This is implemented and solved in the GAMS software for moderate-sized problems, and the results are compared to those obtained by two different algorithms in order to validate the model and algorithms. Then, the results are compared with those obtained by NSGA-II algorithm based on comparative metrics.

Suggested Citation

  • Reza Eslamipoor, 2024. "Direct and indirect emissions: a bi-objective model for hybrid vehicle routing problem," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 94(3), pages 413-436, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jbecon:v:94:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s11573-023-01168-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11573-023-01168-2
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