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Joint Physical Custody in Europe: A Comparative Exploration

Author

Listed:
  • Elke Claessens

    (University of Antwerp)

  • Dimitri Mortelmans

    (University of Antwerp)

Abstract

Joint physical custody (JPC)—where children alternate between parental households after a separation—has been found to be on a rise in a diversity of European countries. However, variations in sampling, data and operationalization consistently complicate the comparative mapping of JPC prevalence and its correlates. In this respect, the 2021 EU-SILC ad hoc module on Living arrangements and conditions of children in separated and blended families provides a unique opportunity to study JPC prevalence across Europe. The current study aims to validate and expand on existing research by employing the module’s second release, concerning children in households across 21 countries. Our descriptive overview of shared versus sole and main residence supports and adds to the previously noted diversity of JPC in Europe. We further note a similar father- to mother-residence ratio in countries with high and low incidence of JPC, warranting consideration of how social and legal norms regulate the granting of custody to mothers versus fathers in various country settings. Subsequently, we analyse the association of child-, parent-/household- and country-level characteristics with JPC using a three-level linear mixed model. The results underline the importance of a multi-level approach to understanding the correlates of JPC and prompt the elaboration of country comparisons using the EU-SILC module.

Suggested Citation

  • Elke Claessens & Dimitri Mortelmans, 2025. "Joint Physical Custody in Europe: A Comparative Exploration," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 41(1), pages 1-21, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eurpop:v:41:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1007_s10680-025-09732-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s10680-025-09732-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. An Sodermans & Sarah Botterman & Nele Havermans & Koen Matthijs, 2015. "Involved Fathers, Liberated Mothers? Joint Physical Custody and the Subjective Well-being of Divorced Parents," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 122(1), pages 257-277, May.
    2. Böheim, René & Francesconi, Marco & Halla, Martin, 2012. "Does Custody Law Affect Family Behavior In and Out of Marriage?," IZA Discussion Papers 7064, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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    5. Maria Cancian & Daniel Meyer & Patricia Brown & Steven Cook, 2014. "Who Gets Custody Now? Dramatic Changes in Children’s Living Arrangements After Divorce," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(4), pages 1381-1396, August.
    6. Carole Bonnet & Bertrand Garbinti & Anne Solaz, 2022. "Does Part-Time Mothering Help Get a Job? The Role of Shared Custody in Women’s Employment," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 38(5), pages 885-913, December.
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    8. repec:esx:essedp:724 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Milla Salin & Daniel R. Meyer & Mia Hakovirta & Eija Lindroos, 2024. "Factors Associated with the Joint Physical Custody of European Children," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 43(4), pages 1-25, August.
    10. Mia Hakovirta & Daniel R. Meyer & Milla Salin & Eija Lindroos & Mari Haapanen, 2023. "Joint physical custody of children in Europe: A growing phenomenon," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 49(18), pages 479-492.
    11. Montserrat Solsona & Jeroen Spijker, 2016. "Effects of the 2010 Civil Code on Trends in Joint Physical Custody in Catalonia. A Comparison with the Rest of Spain," Population (english edition), Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED), vol. 0(2), pages 297-323.
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