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Evidences of soil warming from long-term trends (1951–2018) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Author

Listed:
  • Kristof Dorau

    (University of Cologne)

  • Chris Bamminger

    (North Rhine Westphalian State Agency for Nature)

  • Daniel Koch

    (University of Cologne)

  • Tim Mansfeldt

    (University of Cologne)

Abstract

Soil temperature (ST) is an important property of soils and driver of below ground biogeochemical processes. Global change is responsible that besides variable meteorological conditions, climate-driven shifts in ST are observed throughout the world. In this study, we examined long-term records in ST by a trend decomposition procedure from eleven stations in western Germany starting from earliest in 1951 until 2018. Concomitantly to ST data from multiple depths (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm), various meteorological variables were measured and included in the multivariate statistical analysis to explain spatiotemporal trends in soil warming. A significant positive increase in temperature was more pronounced for ST (1.76 ± 0.59 °C) compared with air temperature (AT; 1.35 ± 0.35 °C) among all study sites. Air temperature was the best explanatory variable to explain trends in soil warming by an average 0.29 ± 0.21 °C per decade and the trend peaked during the period from 1991–2000. Especially, the summer months (June to August) contributed most to the soil warming effect, whereby the increase in maximum ST (STmax) was nearby fivefold with 4.89 °C compared with an increase of minimum ST (STmin) of 1.02 °C. This widening between STmax and STmin fostered enhanced diurnal ST fluctuations at ten out of eleven stations. Subsoil warming up to + 2.3 °C in 100-cm depth is critical in many ways for ecosystem behavior, e.g., by enhanced mineral weathering or organic carbon decomposition rates. Thus, spatiotemporal patterns of soil warming need to be evaluated by trend decomposition procedures under a changing climate. Graphical abstract

Suggested Citation

  • Kristof Dorau & Chris Bamminger & Daniel Koch & Tim Mansfeldt, 2022. "Evidences of soil warming from long-term trends (1951–2018) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 170(1), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:170:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1007_s10584-021-03293-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-021-03293-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael W. I. Schmidt & Margaret S. Torn & Samuel Abiven & Thorsten Dittmar & Georg Guggenberger & Ivan A. Janssens & Markus Kleber & Ingrid Kögel-Knabner & Johannes Lehmann & David A. C. Manning & Pa, 2011. "Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property," Nature, Nature, vol. 478(7367), pages 49-56, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ancuta Manea & Marius-Victor Birsan & Viorica Dima & Loredana-Elena Havriș, 2024. "Comparative Analysis of Land and Air Temperature in Romania since A.D. 1961," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-10, April.
    2. Kristof Dorau & Tim Mansfeldt, 2023. "Vulnerability of diked marsh ecosystems under climate change," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 176(3), pages 1-16, March.

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