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Effects of Different Land-Use Systems on Soil Aggregates: A Case Study of the Loess Plateau (Northern China)

Author

Listed:
  • Shahmir Ali Kalhoro

    (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 90150, Pakistan)

  • Xuexuan Xu

    (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

  • Wenyuan Chen

    (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

  • Rui Hua

    (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

  • Sajjad Raza

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Kang Ding

    (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

Abstract

Soil aggregate stability is an important indicator for controlling soil losses and can improve soil quality, particularly in an area such as the Loess Plateau. The objective of this study was to estimate the differences in soil aggregates across six different land-use systems (grassland, apple orchard, abandoned apple orchard, cropland maize, cropland wheat, and shrub-grassland). For this purpose, dry and wet sieving techniques were employed to assess aggregate content and aggregate stability. Higher percentages of water stable aggregates were observed in the abandoned apple orchard and shrub-grassland at 63% and 61%, respectively. The maximum dry aggregate stability (%) was recorded at 78% and 77% in both wheat cropland and common apple orchard, and the abandoned apple orchard was only 74%. Both mean weight diameters and geometric mean diameters of aggregate were recorded as higher in grassland, shrub-grassland, and the abandoned apple orchard, than the other land uses. The formation of soil aggregates and their stability were positively correlated with soil organic carbon content and root biomass of different plant communities. Higher amounts of soil organic carbon content were noted in the abandoned apple orchard, common apple orchard, and natural grassland at the 0–20 cm soil layer. The results of the correlation coefficient showed a positive significant correlation between the mean weight diameter, geometric diameter, root biomass, and soil organic carbon content. Conclusively, the type of land use affected the soil aggregation and distribution of size fractions; the small fractions of the aggregates formed large fractions by combining with fresh organic matter, and increased soil organic carbon concentrations were closely linked with the formation of macro-aggregates. Thus, converting slope farmland to forestland and grassland could improve water-stable aggregate and reduce soil disturbances in areas (like the Loess Plateau) with the highest erosion risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Shahmir Ali Kalhoro & Xuexuan Xu & Wenyuan Chen & Rui Hua & Sajjad Raza & Kang Ding, 2017. "Effects of Different Land-Use Systems on Soil Aggregates: A Case Study of the Loess Plateau (Northern China)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:8:p:1349-:d:106638
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Mariana Regina Durigan & Maurício Roberto Cherubin & Plínio Barbosa De Camargo & Joice Nunes Ferreira & Erika Berenguer & Toby Alan Gardner & Jos Barlow & Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias & Diana Signor &, 2017. "Soil Organic Matter Responses to Anthropogenic Forest Disturbance and Land Use Change in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Jiguang Zhang & Guodong Bo & Zhongfeng Zhang & Fanyu Kong & Yi Wang & Guoming Shen, 2016. "Effects of Straw Incorporation on Soil Nutrients, Enzymes, and Aggregate Stability in Tobacco Fields of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-12, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ádám Rieder & Balázs Madarász & Judit Alexandra Szabó & Dóra Zacháry & Anna Vancsik & Marianna Ringer & Zoltán Szalai & Gergely Jakab, 2018. "Soil Organic Matter Alteration Velocity due to Land-Use Change: A Case Study under Conservation Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Jiří Holátko & Ondřej Holubík & Tereza Hammerschmiedt & Jan Vopravil & Antonín Kintl & Martin Brtnický, 2022. "Afforestation of agricultural land affects soil structural stability and related preconditions to resist drought," Journal of Forest Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 68(12), pages 496-508.
    3. Michal Apollo & Viacheslav Andreychouk & Suman S. Bhattarai, 2018. "Short-Term Impacts of Livestock Grazing on Vegetation and Track Formation in a High Mountain Environment: A Case Study from the Himalayan Miyar Valley (India)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, March.

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