IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/chinre/v18y2025i2d10.1007_s12187-024-10208-4.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Stigma Protection. Parents Supporting the Well-being of Transgender/Non-binary Children

Author

Listed:
  • Katarzyna Gajek

    (University of Lodz
    University of Lodz)

Abstract

This paper aims to reconstruct parents’ actions to protect their transgender/non-binary children from stigma. An analysis of the literature on the subject indicates that family acceptance and support are crucial to the well-being of transgender/non-binary youth, and affirmation of gender identity protects their mental and physical health. The theoretical framework of the research was symbolic interactionism, and empirical data were collected through the narrative interview technique (F. Schütze). The research sample, selected according to the snowball procedure, consisted of cisgender, heterosexual mothers of transgender/non-binary children residing throughout Poland. The 10 autobiographical narrative interviews were subjected to a coding procedure specific to the grounded theory method (K. Charmaz). The empirical data were discussed in reference to the ways in which gender minorities experience stigmatisation. An in-depth analysis of the narrative interviews identified parenting activities focused on their intrapersonal, interpersonal and social dimensions. On this basis, four interrelated stages of the process of protecting transgender/non-binary children from stigma were analytically identified: identity recognition, normalisation, advocacy and allyship.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarzyna Gajek, 2025. "Stigma Protection. Parents Supporting the Well-being of Transgender/Non-binary Children," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 18(2), pages 695-718, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:18:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s12187-024-10208-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s12187-024-10208-4
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12187-024-10208-4
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s12187-024-10208-4?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. King, Wesley M. & Hughto, Jaclyn M.W. & Operario, Don, 2020. "Transgender stigma: A critical scoping review of definitions, domains, and measures used in empirical research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    2. Marta Evelia Aparicio-García & Eva María Díaz-Ramiro & Susana Rubio-Valdehita & María Inmaculada López-Núñez & Isidro García-Nieto, 2018. "Health and Well-Being of Cisgender, Transgender and Non-Binary Young People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-11, September.
    3. Conron, K.J. & Scott, G. & Stowell, G.S. & Landers, S.J., 2012. "Transgender health in massachusetts: Results from a household probability sample of adults," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(1), pages 118-122.
    4. Mustafa F. Ozbilgin & Cihat Erbil & Sibel Baykut & Rifat Kamasak, 2023. "Passing as resistance through a Goffmanian approach: Normalized, defensive, strategic, and instrumental passing when LGBTQ+ individuals encounter institutions," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(3), pages 862-880, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Treena Orchard & Katherine Salter & Mary Bunch & Cecilia Benoit, 2020. "Money, Agency, and Self-Care among Cisgender and Trans People in Sex Work," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Kia, Hannah & MacKinnon, Kinnon Ross & Abramovich, Alex & Bonato, Sarah, 2021. "Peer support as a protective factor against suicide in trans populations: A scoping review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    3. Benjamin Cerf Harris, 2015. "Likely Transgender Individuals in U.S. Federal Administrative Records and the 2010 Census," CARRA Working Papers 2015-03, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    4. Miguel Ángel López-Sáez & Ariadna Angulo-Brunet & R. Lucas Platero & Oscar Lecuona, 2022. "The Adaptation and Validation of the Trans Attitudes and Beliefs Scale to the Spanish Context," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-18, April.
    5. Sandra Feijóo & Raquel Rodríguez-Fernández, 2021. "A Meta-Analytical Review of Gender-Based School Bullying in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Marco Fonzo & Silvia Cocchio & Matteo Centomo & Tatjana Baldovin & Alessandra Buja & Silvia Majori & Vincenzo Baldo & Chiara Bertoncello, 2021. "Sexual and Gender Minorities and Risk Behaviours among University Students in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-9, November.
    7. Christopher S. Carpenter & Samuel T. Eppink & Gilbert Gonzales, 2020. "Transgender Status, Gender Identity, and Socioeconomic Outcomes in the United States," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 73(3), pages 573-599, May.
    8. Ethan C Cicero & Sari L Reisner & Elizabeth I Merwin & Janice C Humphreys & Susan G Silva, 2020. "The health status of transgender and gender nonbinary adults in the United States," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, February.
    9. Jordan Jackson & Victoria Ross, 2025. "Understanding Suicide Stigma in Fly-In/Fly-Out Workers: A Thematic Analysis of Attitudes Towards Suicide, Help-Seeking and Help-Offering," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(3), pages 1-16, March.
    10. Cristiano Scandurra & Agostino Carbone & Roberto Baiocco & Selene Mezzalira & Nelson Mauro Maldonato & Vincenzo Bochicchio, 2021. "Gender Identity Milestones, Minority Stress and Mental Health in Three Generational Cohorts of Italian Binary and Nonbinary Transgender People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-14, August.
    11. Gordon, Allegra R. & Austin, S. Bryn & Krieger, Nancy & White Hughto, Jaclyn M. & Reisner, Sari L., 2016. "“I have to constantly prove to myself, to people, that I fit the bill”: Perspectives on weight and shape control behaviors among low-income, ethnically diverse young transgender women," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 141-149.
    12. Matthew Heinz & Devon MacFarlane, 2013. "Island Lives," SAGE Open, , vol. 3(3), pages 21582440135, September.
    13. Jae M. Sevelius & Deepalika Chakravarty & Samantha E. Dilworth & Greg Rebchook & Torsten B. Neilands, 2021. "Measuring Satisfaction and Comfort with Gender Identity and Gender Expression among Transgender Women: Development and Validation of the Psychological Gender Affirmation Scale," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-13, March.
    14. Mariana Magalhães & Marta E. Aparicio-García & Isidro García-Nieto, 2020. "Transition Trajectories: Contexts, Difficulties and Consequences Reported by Young Transgender and Non-Binary Spaniards," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.
    15. Carpenter, Christopher S. & Lee, Maxine J. & Nettuno, Laura, 2022. "Economic Outcomes for Transgender People and Other Gender Minorities in the United States: First Estimates from a Nationally Representative Sample," IZA Discussion Papers 15116, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    16. Shannon, Matthew, 2022. "The labour market outcomes of transgender individuals," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    17. Marius Baranauskas & Ingrida Kupčiūnaitė & Rimantas Stukas, 2022. "Psychoactive Substance Effect on Mental Health and Well-Being Focusing on Student-Aged Lithuanian Cohort of Sexual Minorities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-16, October.
    18. White Hughto, Jaclyn M. & Reisner, Sari L. & Pachankis, John E., 2015. "Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 222-231.
    19. Marta Evelia Aparicio-García & Eva María Díaz-Ramiro & Susana Rubio-Valdehita & María Inmaculada López-Núñez & Isidro García-Nieto, 2018. "Health and Well-Being of Cisgender, Transgender and Non-Binary Young People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-11, September.
    20. repec:plo:pone00:0240295 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Metin Camgoz, Selin & Bayhan Karapinar, Pinar & Tayfur Ekmekci, Ozge & Metin Orta, Irem & Ozbilgin, Mustafa F., 2024. "Why do some followers remain silent in response to abusive supervision? A system justification perspective," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 42(6), pages 872-882.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:18:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s12187-024-10208-4. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.