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Stigma Protection. Parents Supporting the Well-being of Transgender/Non-binary Children

Author

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  • Katarzyna Gajek

    (University of Lodz
    University of Lodz)

Abstract

This paper aims to reconstruct parents’ actions to protect their transgender/non-binary children from stigma. An analysis of the literature on the subject indicates that family acceptance and support are crucial to the well-being of transgender/non-binary youth, and affirmation of gender identity protects their mental and physical health. The theoretical framework of the research was symbolic interactionism, and empirical data were collected through the narrative interview technique (F. Schütze). The research sample, selected according to the snowball procedure, consisted of cisgender, heterosexual mothers of transgender/non-binary children residing throughout Poland. The 10 autobiographical narrative interviews were subjected to a coding procedure specific to the grounded theory method (K. Charmaz). The empirical data were discussed in reference to the ways in which gender minorities experience stigmatisation. An in-depth analysis of the narrative interviews identified parenting activities focused on their intrapersonal, interpersonal and social dimensions. On this basis, four interrelated stages of the process of protecting transgender/non-binary children from stigma were analytically identified: identity recognition, normalisation, advocacy and allyship.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarzyna Gajek, 2025. "Stigma Protection. Parents Supporting the Well-being of Transgender/Non-binary Children," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 18(2), pages 695-718, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:18:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s12187-024-10208-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s12187-024-10208-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Conron, K.J. & Scott, G. & Stowell, G.S. & Landers, S.J., 2012. "Transgender health in massachusetts: Results from a household probability sample of adults," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(1), pages 118-122.
    2. Mustafa F. Ozbilgin & Cihat Erbil & Sibel Baykut & Rifat Kamasak, 2023. "Passing as resistance through a Goffmanian approach: Normalized, defensive, strategic, and instrumental passing when LGBTQ+ individuals encounter institutions," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(3), pages 862-880, May.
    3. King, Wesley M. & Hughto, Jaclyn M.W. & Operario, Don, 2020. "Transgender stigma: A critical scoping review of definitions, domains, and measures used in empirical research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    4. Marta Evelia Aparicio-García & Eva María Díaz-Ramiro & Susana Rubio-Valdehita & María Inmaculada López-Núñez & Isidro García-Nieto, 2018. "Health and Well-Being of Cisgender, Transgender and Non-Binary Young People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-11, September.
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