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Linear regression for numeric symbolic variables: a least squares approach based on Wasserstein Distance

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  • Antonio Irpino
  • Rosanna Verde

Abstract

In this paper we present a new linear regression technique for distributional symbolic variables, i.e., variables whose realizations can be histograms, empirical distributions or empirical estimates of parametric distributions. Such data are known as numerical modal data according to the Symbolic Data Analysis definitions. In order to measure the error between the observed and the predicted distributions, the $$\ell _2$$ ℓ 2 Wasserstein distance is proposed. Some properties of such a metric are exploited to predict the modal response variable as a linear combination of the explanatory modal variables. Based on the metric, the model uses the quantile functions associated with the data and thus is subject to a positivity constraint of the estimated parameters. We propose solving the linear regression problem by starting from a particular decomposition of the squared distance. Therefore, we estimate the model parameters according to two separate models, one for the averages of the data and one for the centered distributions by a constrained least squares algorithm. Measures of goodness-of-fit are also proposed and discussed. The method is validated by two applications, one on simulated data and one on two real-world datasets. Copyright Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio Irpino & Rosanna Verde, 2015. "Linear regression for numeric symbolic variables: a least squares approach based on Wasserstein Distance," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 9(1), pages 81-106, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:advdac:v:9:y:2015:i:1:p:81-106
    DOI: 10.1007/s11634-015-0197-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lima Neto, Eufrasio de A. & de Carvalho, Francisco de A.T., 2008. "Centre and Range method for fitting a linear regression model to symbolic interval data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 52(3), pages 1500-1515, January.
    2. Arroyo, Javier & Maté, Carlos, 2009. "Forecasting histogram time series with k-nearest neighbours methods," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 192-207.
    3. Lima Neto, Eufrásio de A. & de Carvalho, Francisco de A.T., 2010. "Constrained linear regression models for symbolic interval-valued variables," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 54(2), pages 333-347, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Manabu Ichino, 2022. "The Lookup Table Regression Model for Histogram-Valued Symbolic Data," Stats, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-23, December.
    2. Boris Beranger & Huan Lin & Scott Sisson, 2023. "New models for symbolic data analysis," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 17(3), pages 659-699, September.

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