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Is Participation in the Tourism Market an Opportunity for Everyone? Some Evidence from Italy

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  • Cristina Bernini

    (Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belle Arti 41, Bologna 40126, Italy, and Center for Advanced Studies in Tourism, University of Bologna, via Angherà 22, 47921 Rimini, Italy)

  • Maria Francesca Cracolici

    (Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, V.le delle Scienze Ed. 13, Palermo 90128, Italy)

Abstract

This paper investigates whether there are differences in tourism consumption behaviour among families by analysing the main determinants of tourism participation at national and international levels. In particular, it explores whether tourism is becoming part of the lifestyle of Italians or whether it is still a luxury good only for the privileged. A Heckman model was used on micro-data on Italian family expenditure over the period 1997–2007, and an income elasticity analysis for different personal and household characteristics was carried out. The results show that participation in the tourism market is strongly affected by the personal characteristics of individuals and that tourism consumption is an income-sensitive good. The analysis reveals that tourism is generally a luxury good. Income elasticity analysis shows both similarities as well as differences in Italian tourism consumption patterns at national and international levels. The authors find that consumption behaviour in tourism is affected not only by economic constraints but also by cultural and territorial factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristina Bernini & Maria Francesca Cracolici, 2016. "Is Participation in the Tourism Market an Opportunity for Everyone? Some Evidence from Italy," Tourism Economics, , vol. 22(1), pages 57-79, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:toueco:v:22:y:2016:i:1:p:57-79
    DOI: 10.5367/te.2014.0409
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    2. Hyeongwoo Kim & Liping Gao, 2017. "Consumer Spending on Entertainment and the Great Recession," Auburn Economics Working Paper Series auwp2017-07, Department of Economics, Auburn University.
    3. Deely, John & Hynes, Stephen & Cawley, Mary & Hogan, Sarah, 2023. "Modelling domestic marine and coastal tourism demand using logit and travel cost count models," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 123-136.
    4. Cellini, Roberto & Cuccia, Tiziana, 2014. "The Tourism Industry in Italy during the Great Recession (2008-12): What Data Show and Suggest," MPRA Paper 60999, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Chiara Bocci & Laura Grassini & Emilia Rocco, 2021. "A multiple inflated negative binomial hurdle regression model: analysis of the Italians’ tourism behaviour during the Great Recession," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 30(4), pages 1109-1133, October.
    6. Faruk Urak & Nihat Küçük & Abdulbaki Bilgiç & Steven T Yen, 2023. "Modeling censored tourism expenditures in Turkey with non-normal and heteroscedastic errors: An application of the inverse hyperbolic sine double-hurdle model," Tourism Economics, , vol. 29(3), pages 718-741, May.
    7. Chuanyong Zhang & Guoliang Feng, 2018. "More wealth, less leisure? Effect of housing wealth on tourism expenditure in China," Tourism Economics, , vol. 24(5), pages 526-540, August.
    8. David Boto-García & Alvaro Muñiz-Fernández & Levi Pérez, 2024. "Windfall money and outbound tourism: A natural experiment from lottery winnings," Tourism Economics, , vol. 30(5), pages 1257-1280, August.
    9. Pierpaolo D’Urso & Marta Disegna & Riccardo Massari, 2020. "Satisfaction and Tourism Expenditure Behaviour," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 149(3), pages 1081-1106, June.
    10. Cristina Bernini & Maria Francesca Cracolici & Peter Nijkamp, 2020. "Micro and Macro Resilience Measures of an Economic Crisis," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 47-71, March.
    11. Cristina Bernini & Maria Francesca Cracolici & Cinzia Viroli, 2017. "Does Tourism Consumption Behaviour Mirror Differences in Living Standards?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 134(3), pages 1157-1171, December.
    12. Bernini, Cristina & Cracolici, Maria Francesca, 2015. "Demographic change, tourism expenditure and life cycle behaviour," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 191-205.
    13. Gianluca Cafiso & Roberto Cellini & Tiziana Cuccia, 2015. "Do Economic Crises Lead Tourists to Closer Destinations? An Analysis of Italy's Regional Data," CESifo Working Paper Series 5250, CESifo.
    14. Mariia Ilina, 2016. "Forecasting perspectives of the tourism industry development in the condition of economic depression," Economics of Nature and the Environment, Mykhaylo Khvesyk, pages 237-246.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    tourism participation; tourism consumption; income elasticity; domestic and international tourism; hurdle models;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D10 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - General
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C24 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models
    • L83 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism

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