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Optimizing Count Responses in Surveys: A Machine-learning Approach

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  • Qiang Fu
  • Xin Guo
  • Kenneth C. Land

Abstract

Count responses with grouping and right censoring have long been used in surveys to study a variety of behaviors, status, and attitudes. Yet grouping or right-censoring decisions of count responses still rely on arbitrary choices made by researchers. We develop a new method for evaluating grouping and right-censoring decisions of count responses from a (semisupervised) machine-learning perspective. This article uses Poisson multinomial mixture models to conceptualize the data-generating process of count responses with grouping and right censoring and demonstrates the link between grouping-scheme choices and asymptotic distributions of the Poisson mixture. To search for the optimal grouping scheme maximizing objective functions of the Fisher information (matrix), an innovative three-step M algorithm is then proposed to process infinitely many grouping schemes based on Bayesian A-, D-, and E-optimalities. A new R package is developed to implement this algorithm and evaluate grouping schemes of count responses. Results show that an optimal grouping scheme not only leads to a more efficient sampling design but also outperforms a nonoptimal one even if the latter has more groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiang Fu & Xin Guo & Kenneth C. Land, 2020. "Optimizing Count Responses in Surveys: A Machine-learning Approach," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 49(3), pages 637-671, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:49:y:2020:i:3:p:637-671
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124117747302
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniel B. Hall, 2000. "Zero-Inflated Poisson and Binomial Regression with Random Effects: A Case Study," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 56(4), pages 1030-1039, December.
    2. Bharati Basu & Felix Famoye, 2004. "Domestic violence against women, and their economic dependence: A count data analysis," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(4), pages 457-472.
    3. Qiang Fu & Kenneth C. Land & Vicki L. Lamb, 2016. "Violent Physical Bullying Victimization at School: Has There Been a Recent Increase in Exposure or Intensity? An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis in the United States, 1991 to 2012," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 9(2), pages 485-513, June.
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    1. Qiang Fu & Tian‐Yi Zhou & Xin Guo, 2021. "Modified Poisson regression analysis of grouped and right‐censored counts," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 184(4), pages 1347-1367, October.

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