IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/intare/v12y2009i1p1-15.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Theoretical Approach to Define Emerging Markets and Emerging Market Global Companies: Double Triangle Model

Author

Listed:
  • Zukweon Kim
  • Moosup Jung

Abstract

Many institutions and researchers in international economics and business have studied the characteristics, trends, and sources of the competitive advantages of emerging markets (EMs) and/or emerging markets global companies (EMGCs) compared to those of other markets and companies because of the growing importance of EMs and EMGCs in the world economy. However, there are no clear-cut definitions of EMs and EMGCs. Therefore, this study is trying to develop a theoretical model called as ‘Double Triangle Model’ to define EMs and EMGCs who have sustainable competitive advantages. Based on the Double Triangle Model, this study defines EMs as countries whose competitive advantages measured by the shares of GDP, exports, and outward foreign direct investment in the world are higher than the average competitiveness advantages of all countries except developed countries. Also, EMGCs are defined as companies whose competitive advantages measured by trans-national, growth, and profitability indices are higher than the average competitiveness advantages of all companies from EMs.

Suggested Citation

  • Zukweon Kim & Moosup Jung, 2009. "Theoretical Approach to Define Emerging Markets and Emerging Market Global Companies: Double Triangle Model," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:intare:v:12:y:2009:i:1:p:1-15
    DOI: 10.1177/223386590901200101
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/223386590901200101
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/223386590901200101?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Louis T. Wells, 1983. "Third World Multinationals: The Rise of Foreign Investments from Developing Countries," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026273169x, December.
    2. Bonaglia, Federico & Goldstein, Andrea & Mathews, John A., 2007. "Accelerated internationalization by emerging markets' multinationals: The case of the white goods sector," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 369-383, December.
    3. John Dunning, 2001. "The Eclectic (OLI) Paradigm of International Production: Past, Present and Future," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(2), pages 173-190.
    4. Brian Snowdon & George Stonehouse, 2006. "Competitiveness in a globalised world: Michael Porter on the microeconomic foundations of the competitiveness of nations, regions, and firms," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 37(2), pages 163-175, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sosa Andrés, Maximiliano & Nunnenkamp, Peter & Busse, Matthias, 2013. "What drives FDI from non-traditional sources? A comparative analysis of the determinants of bilateral FDI flows," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 7, pages 1-53.
    2. Yi-Min Chen, 2008. "How Much Does Country Matter?," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 31(4), pages 404-435, October.
    3. Gammeltoft, Peter & Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro, 2021. "Enriching internationalization process theory: insights from the study of emerging market multinationals," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(3).
    4. Joseph A Clougherty & Michał Grajek, 2008. "The impact of ISO 9000 diffusion on trade and FDI: A new institutional analysis," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 39(4), pages 613-633, June.
    5. Yadong Luo & Rosalie L Tung, 2018. "A general theory of springboard MNEs," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(2), pages 129-152, February.
    6. Peter J. Buckley & Adam R. Cross & Hui Tan & Liu Xin & Hinrich Voss, 2008. "Historic and Emergent Trends in Chinese Outward Direct Investment," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 48(6), pages 715-748, December.
    7. Di Minin, Alberto & Zhang, Jieyin & Gammeltoft, Peter, 2012. "Chinese foreign direct investment in R&D in Europe: A new model of R&D internationalization?," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 189-203.
    8. Peter J Buckley & L Jeremy Clegg & Hinrich Voss & Adam R Cross & Xin Liu & Ping Zheng, 2018. "A retrospective and agenda for future research on Chinese outward foreign direct investment," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(1), pages 4-23, January.
    9. Mehmet Demirbag & Martina McGuinness & Hüseyin Altay, 2010. "Perceptions of Institutional Environment and Entry Mode," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 50(2), pages 207-240, April.
    10. Manish Popli & Ashutosh Sinha, 2014. "Determinants of early movers in cross-border merger and acquisition wave in an emerging market: A study of Indian firms," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 31(4), pages 1075-1099, December.
    11. Fariza Hashim, 2012. "Outward Internationalization And Fdi: Motives For Malaysian Mnes Moving Into China," Review of Business and Finance Studies, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 3(2), pages 89-102.
    12. Demirbag, Mehmet & Tatoglu, Ekrem & Glaister, Keith W., 2009. "Equity-based entry modes of emerging country multinationals: Lessons from Turkey," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 44(4), pages 445-462, October.
    13. Elitsa R. Banalieva & Gary Gregg & Ravi Sarathy, 2010. "The Impact of Regional Trade Agreements on the Global Orientation of Emerging Market Multinationals," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 50(6), pages 797-826, December.
    14. Tolentino, Paz Estrella, 2008. "The determinants of the outward foreign direct investment of China and India: Whither the home country?," MERIT Working Papers 2008-049, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    15. Luo, Yadong & Zhang, Huan, 2016. "Emerging Market MNEs: Qualitative Review and Theoretical Directions," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 333-350.
    16. Joseph A. Clougherty & Jin Uk Kim & Bradley R. Skousen & Florian Szücs, 2017. "The Foundations of International Business: Cross-Border Investment Activity and the Balance between Market-Power and Efficiency Effects," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(3), pages 340-365, May.
    17. Yilmaz Kilicaslan & Yesim Ucdogruk Gurel & Gokhan Onder & Zeynep Karal Onder, 2019. "Why Do Turkish Firms Go Abroad to Invest?," EconWorld Working Papers 19001, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, revised Nov 2019.
    18. Chabowski, Brian R. & Samiee, Saeed, 2023. "A bibliometric examination of the literature on emerging market MNEs as the basis for future research," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PB).
    19. Cristina Chaminade & Monica Plechero, 2015. "Do Regions Make a Difference? Regional Innovation Systems and Global Innovation Networks in the ICT Industry," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 215-237, February.
    20. Hao Liang & Bing Ren & Haikun Zhu, 2011. "Revisiting the OLI Paradigm: The Institutions, the State, and China's OFDI," CESifo Working Paper Series 3642, CESifo.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:intare:v:12:y:2009:i:1:p:1-15. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.hufs.ac.kr/user/hufsenglish/re_1.jsp .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.