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Axiomes de rationalité en contexte d’incertitude

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  • Denis Moffet

    (Directeur de la chaire en assurance, Sciences de l’administration, Université Laval)

Abstract

The Maximum Expected Utility criterion has become the main paradigm of decision-making under uncertainty. This criterion is based on an axiomatic that is not unanimously accepted. The axioms under attack are Marschak's substitution axiom and Savage's independence axiom. The purpose of this paper is, on one hand, to bring into evidence the non-axiomatic nature of Marschak's and Savage's propositions and, on the other hand, to show that violations of these propositions lead to contradictions. New axioms will be proposed which by means of a deductive process lead to a theorem of substitution from which the Maximum Expected Utility criterion can be derived. Le principe de la maximisation de l’utilité espérée s’est imposé comme le principal paradigme de la décision en contexte d’incertitude. Ce principe repose sur une axiomatique controversée. Les axiomes litigieux sont l’axiome de substitution de Marschak et l’axiome d’indépendance de Savage. Le but de cette communication est de faire ressortir, d’une part, le caractère non axiomatique des prescriptions de Marschak et de Savage et, d’autre part, de montrer par une démarche par l’absurde qu’il peut être coûteux de ne pas agir conformément à ces prescriptions. Finalement, je vais proposer de nouveaux axiomes qui, par un processus déductif, conduiront à un théorème de substitution dont on pourra également déduire le principe de maximisation de l’utilité espérée.

Suggested Citation

  • Denis Moffet, 1987. "Axiomes de rationalité en contexte d’incertitude," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 63(2), pages 58-73.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:63:y:1987:i:2:p:58-73
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Machina, Mark J, 1982. ""Expected Utility" Analysis without the Independence Axiom," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(2), pages 277-323, March.
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