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De l'austérité budgétaire en période de récession

Author

Listed:
  • Michael Anyadike-Danes
  • Jean-Paul Fitoussi
  • Jacques Le Cacheux

Abstract

[fre] L'austérité budgétaire en période de récession ne constitue pas une réponse naturelle à l'aggravation du chômage. Et pourtant, elle semble être devenue récemment une pratique commune à la plupart des pays occidentaux, quelles que soient leurs divergences idéologiques. . La croissance quasi-universelle des déficits publics dans les années récentes peut certes expliquer une telle évolution. Elle est aussi à l'origine de la résurgence du débat sur l'effet d'éviction. Mais le financement du déficit par l'emprunt n'évince l'investissement privé que dans le contexte d'une politique monétaire restrictive. . Dans cet article, on s'interroge sur le bien-fondé d'une politique de normes budgétaires visant à réduire ou tout au moins à contenir les déficits publics par une action au niveau de la demande effective. La lecture des évolutions empiriques des dépenses et des recettes des administrations montre que la « sensibilité » des déficits à l'activité économique s'est accrue en raison notamment d'une modification importante de la structure de la dépense publique : la part des dépenses de transferts a augmenté continuellement au détriment de celles d'investissement. Dès lors, la recherche de l'équilibre budgétaire par l'augmentation des taux d'imposition peut se révéler à la fois déstabilisatrice et contreproductive, en ce qu'elle semble impliquer une politique financière «procyclique ». [eng] Contractionary budgetary policy is not the traditional government response to rising unemployment but it seems now to have become a common one for OECD governments irrespective of their political complexion. This changed attitude seems traceable to the almost universal growth in government sector deficits combined with the belief that such deficits will « crowd out » private sector investment. What is not generally recognised, though, is that « crowding out » can only occur if a restrictive monetary policy is pursued at the same time as government borrowing is increasing. The paper provides an assessment of the likely effects of budgetary policy which aims at reducing, or at least restraining, government sector deficits by deflating aggregate demand. An empirical examination of the evolution of government sector outlays shows that government sector deficits have become more and more sensitive to the state of economic activity because of a significant change in the composition of government sector outlays : the share of transfers has steadily increased with a matching decrease in the share of government outlays on goods and services. Consequently the pursuit of budget balance through increasing tax rates may be both destabilising and counterproductive, implying procyclical fiscal policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Anyadike-Danes & Jean-Paul Fitoussi & Jacques Le Cacheux, 1983. "De l'austérité budgétaire en période de récession," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 5(1), pages 121-148.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1983_num_5_1_958
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1983.958
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1983.958
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feldstein, Martin, 1982. "Government deficits and aggregate demand," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 1-20.
    2. Barro, Robert J, 1974. "Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 82(6), pages 1095-1117, Nov.-Dec..
    3. Willem H. Buiter, 1983. "Deficits, Crowding Out and Inflation: The Simple Analytics," NBER Working Papers 1078, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Willem H. Buiter, 1982. "The Proper Measurement of Government Budget Deficits: Comprehensive Wealth Accounting or Permanent Income Accounting for the Public Sector," NBER Working Papers 1013, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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